Indigenous modernism: dehabituating reading practices

Keywords:

decolonial methodologies, indigenous studies, cultural studies, global avantgardes

Abstract

This paper experiments with formal style as a way of working through the literary discipline’s lacunae regarding aesthetic value, race, and coloniality. Using a “counter taxonomy” as an example of academic dissent, this paper considers the limits of this form of dissenting speech within “public discourse” (Fraser; Habermas) by demonstrating a persistent occlusion in the literary discipline related to this mode of speech, which concerns the “primitive” subject. I define a term to unsettle a series of categorical terms long-held as guiding frameworks in our discipline: modernism, Native and Harlem renaissances, etc. This term is “Indigenous modernism,” a category that is a contradiction in terms because it announces its inclusion of the original term’s constitutive exclusion, ie. the primitive within the modern, through the language producing its erasure. Through this experiment, I argue for the necessity of a different kind of dissent, specifically a more capacious form of literary critique that interrogates the problems of holding a discourse in common and the specific needs of anti-colonial work. As a pedagogical exercise that models the benefits of failure, I suggest that this intervention requires us to think about how we represent truth through critique.

Author Biography

Madeleine Reddon, University of British Columbia
Metis from Treaty Six Territory, PhD Candidate in the Department for English Language and Literatures

References

Al-Kassim, Dina. On Pain of Speech: Fantasies of the First Order and the Literary Rant. Berkeley, University of California Press, 2010.

Archibald-Barber, Jesse R et al. kisiska?ciwan: Indigenous Voices from Where the River Flows Swiftly. Regina, University of Regina Press, 2018.

Barrett, Lindon. “The Experiences of Slave Narratives: Reading against Authenticity.” Conditions of the Present: Selected Essays. Durham, Duke University Press, 2018. pp. 48-60.

Benjamin, Walter. The Writer of Modern Life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire. Cambridge, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006.

Cariou, Warren, and Niigaanwewidam J. Sinclair. Manitowapow: Aboriginal Writings from the Land of Water. Winnipeg, HighWater Press, 2011.

Cook-Lynn, Elizabeth. Why I Can’t Read Wallace Stegner and Other Essays: A Tribal Voice. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.

Coronado, Jorge. The Andes Imagined: Indigenismo, Society, and Modernity. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009.

Cox, James H. “Special Issue: Modernism and Native America.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language, vol. 59, no. 3, 2017, pp. 269.

Crosby, Marcia and Karen Duffek. Projections: The Paintings of Henry Speck, Udzi’stalis. UBC Museum of Anthropology. MOA Satellite Gallery. July 14-September 15, 2012.

Davis, Arthur Paul and Michael W. Peplow. The New Negro Renaissance: An Anthology. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.

Dawson, Alexander S. “From Models for the Nation to Model Citizens: Indigenismo and the ‘revindication’ of the Mexican Indian, 1920-40.” Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 30, no. 2, 1998, pp. 279-208.

de Andrade, Oswald. “Cannibalist Manifesto.” Trans. Leslie Bary. Latin American Literary Review. 19.38 (1991): 38-47. Web.

Derrida, Jacques. The Beast & the Sovereign: Volume 2. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2011.

Diepeveen, Leonard. The Difficulties of Modernism. New York, Routledge, 2003.

English, Elizabeth. Lesbian Modernism: Censorship, Sexuality and Genre Fiction. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2015.

Eysteinsson, Astradur. Ed. Modernism. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007.

Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York, Grove Press, 1963.

Foucault, Michel. Society Must Be Defended: Lectures at the Collêge de France, 1975-76. New York, Picador, 2003.

Fraser, Nancy. “Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy.” Social Text, no. 25/26, 1990, pp. 56–80.

Friedman, Susan S. “Introduction: Definitional Excursions.” Planetary Modernisms: Provocations on Modernity Across Time. New York, Columbia University Press, 2015.

Gilmore, Leigh. “Obscenity, Modernity, Identity: Legalizing the Well of Loneliness and Nightwood.” Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 4, no. 4, 1994, pp. 603.

Harrison, Nicholas. Circles of Censorship: Censorship and its Metaphors in French History, Literature, and Theory. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1995.

Hernández-Ávila, Inés and Stefano Varese. “Indigenous Intellectual Sovereignties: A Hemispheric Convocation. An Overview and Reflections on a United States/ Mexico Binational Two-Part Conference.” Wacazo Sa Review, vol. 14, no. 2, 1999, pp. 77-91.

Hewitt, Andrew. Political Inversions: Homosexuality, Fascism, & the Modernist Imaginary. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1996.

Hunt, Kevin T. Beyond Indigenismo: Contemporary Mexican Literature of Indigenous Theme. PhD. University of North Carolina, 2007. Web. 15 February 2016.

Hunt, Sarah. Witnessing the Colonialscape: Lighting the Intimate Fires of Indigenous Legal Pluralism. PhD. University of Victoria, 2007. Web. 26 July 2019.

Johnson, E. Pauline. ed Margery Fee, and Dory Nason. Tekahionwake: E. Pauline Johnson’s Writings on Native North America. Tonawanda, Broadview Press, 2016.

Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York, Penguin Group, 1986.

Katz, Daniel. American Modernism’s Expatriate Scene: The Labour of Translation. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 2007.

Kent, Alicia A. “‘You can’t run away nowadays’: Redefining Modernity in D’Arcy McNickle’s The Surrounded.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 20, no. 2, 2008, pp. 22-46.

Krupat, Arnold. The Voice in the Margin: Native American Literature and the Canon. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1989.

Lawrence, Bonita. “Real” Indians and Others: Mixed-Blood Urban Native Peoples and Indigenous Nationhood. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2008.

Luis-Brown, David. “Cuban Negrismo, Mexican Indigenismo: Contesting Neocolonialism in the New Negro Movement.” Escape from New York. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

Lutenski, Emily. “‘A Small Man in Big Space’: The New Negro, the Mestizo, and Jean Toomer’s Southwest.” Escape from New York. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

Mao, Douglas, and Rebecca L. Walkowitz. Bad Modernisms. Durham, Duke University Press,2006.

McLean, Ian. Double Desire: Transculturation and Indigenous Contemporary Art. Newcastle, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.

Marshik, Celia. British Modernism and Censorship. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Nicholls, Peter. Modernisms: A Literary Guide. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1995.

Olmsted, William. The Censorship Effect: Baudelaire, Flaubert, and the Formation of French Modernism. New York, Oxford University Press, 2016.

Parkes, Adam. Modernism and the Theater of Censorship. New York, Oxford University Press, 1996.

Philips, Ruth B. “Aesthetic Primitivism Revisited: The Global Diaspora of ‘Primitive Art’ and the Rise of Indigenous Modernism.” Journal of Art Historiography, vol. 12, 2015, pp. 1-25. <http://multiplemodernisms.org>

Potter, Rachel. Obscene Modernism: Literary Censorship and Experiment 1900- 1940. New York, Oxford University Press, 2013.

Sexton, Jared. “The Vel of Slavery: Tracking the Figure of the Unsovereign.” Afro-pessimism: an Introduction. Minneapolis, Racked and Dispatched, 2017.

Singal, Daniel Joseph. “Toward a Definition of American Modernism.” American Quarterly. Special Issue: Modernist Culture in America, vol. 39, no. 1, 1987, pp. 7-26.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. London, Harvard University Press, 1999.

Taylor, Analisa. “Between Official and Extra-Official Indigenismos in Post- Revolutionary Mexican Literature (1935-1950).” Latin American Literary Review, vol. 31, no. 62, 2003, pp. 96-119.

Taylor, Michael. “Not Primitive Enough to Be Considered Modern: Ethnographers, Editors, and the Indigenous Poets of the American Indian Magazine.” Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 28, no. 1, 2016, pp. 45–72.

Tuck, Eve and K. Wayne Yang. “Decolonization is not a metaphor.” Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40.

Warrior, Robert. “Native American Scholarship and the Transnational Turn.” Cultural Studies Review, vol. 15, no. 2, 2009, pp. 199-130.

Weinstein, Philip M. Unknowing: The Work of Modernist Fiction. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2005.

White, Edmund. Genet: A Biography. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.

Winning, Joanne. “Writing by the Light of the Well: Radclyffe Hall and the Lesbian Modernists.” Palatable Poison: Critical Perspectives on ‘The Well of Loneliness’ Past and Present. New York, Columbia University Press, pp. 200.

Womack, Craig. “Introduction.” Reasoning Together: The Native Critics Collective. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.

Published
2019-12-20