Arrojando luz sobre la competitividad global mediante el análisis de la competitividad regional dentro de la Unión Monetaria Europea
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Resumen
No existe una literatura extensa que relacione la competitividad regional en una unión monetaria. Se contribuye al debate sobre la medición de la competitividad en una unión monetaria incorporando la dimensión territorial. Se desarrolla una medida novedosa de los tipos de cambio reales regionales como aproximación de la competitividad regional analizando 127 regiones europeas durante el periodo 2003-2021. Los resultados ponen de relieve dos aspectos clave: se observa una distribución geográfica del tipo de cambio real, lo que indicaría que la competitividad regional no sólo está desigualmente distribuida entre las regiones, sino que también evoluciona con el tiempo. Además, se identifica la existencia de efecto vecindad a través de dependencia espacial, en la que la competitividad de una región concreta se ve influenciada por la de las regiones vecinas.
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