Los patrones de comercio pasados y futuros de la región MENA: en busca del crecimiento

Palabras clave:

Patrones comerciales, región MENA, crecimiento económico

Resumen

Este artículo analiza la evolución de los patrones comerciales de la región de Oriente Medio y Norte de África (MENA) y sus efectos sobre el crecimiento sectorial. Utilizando información de 25 sectores, 21 países de la región MENA y 186 socios comerciales durante el período 1990-2018, examinamos los cambios en la integración comercial y en la participación en las cadenas globales de valor (CGV). Los resultados descriptivos muestran una disminución de la participación de la Unión Europea y de otras economías desarrolladas en los flujos comerciales de la región, acompañada por un aumento de la importancia relativa de la propia región MENA, China y otras economías en desarrollo. Asimismo, se observa una notable heterogeneidad entre países y sectores en cuanto a flujos y socios comerciales. El análisis econométrico revela que la expansión de la participación hacia adelante en las CGV con Estados Unidos, otras economías desarrolladas y países en desarrollo impulsa el crecimiento del sector manufacturero. Por su parte, una mayor participación hacia atrás en las CGV con la Unión Europea favorece el crecimiento de los servicios, mientras que una mayor integración hacia atrás con países externos a la región MENA y el aumento de las exportaciones finales a China benefician a los sectores agrícola y minero. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la participación en las CGV promueve el crecimiento sectorial, aunque sus efectos dependen del tipo de integración y del socio comercial.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Altmetrics

Citas

Amiti, Mary & Konings, Jozef (2007). Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia. American Economic Review, 97(5), 1611-1638.

Antràs, Pol; De Gortari, Alonso & Itskhoki, Oleg (2017). Globalization, Inequality and Welfare. Journal of International Economics, 108, 387-412.

Arellano, Manuel & Bond, Stephen (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277–297.

Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.

Baldwin, John Richard & Yan, Beiling (2016). Global Value Chain Participation and the Productivity of Canadian Manufacturing Firms. Montreal, Canada: Institute for Research on Public Policy.

Barro, Robert Joseph & Lee, Jong Wha (2013). A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010. Journal of Development Economics, 104, 184-198.

Blundell, Richard & Bond, Stephen (1998). Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143.

Criscuolo, Chiara & Timmis, Jonathan (2017). The Relationship between Global Value Chains and Productivity. International Productivity Monitor, 32(2017), 61-83.

De Marchi, Valentina; Giuliani, Elisa & Rabellotti, Roberta (2018). Do Global Value Chains Offer Developing Countries Learning and Innovation Opportunities? The European Journal of Development Research, 30(3), 389-407.

Del Prete, Davide; Giovannetti, Giorgia & Marvasi, Enrico (2018). Global Value Chains: New Evidence for North Africa. International Economics, 153, 42- 54.

Dijkstra, A. Geske (2000). Trade Liberalization and Industrial Development in Latin America. World Development, 28(9), 1567-1582.

Dollar, David; Inomata, Satoshi; Degain, Christophe; Meng, Bo; Wang, Zhi; Ahmad, Nadim & Kidder, Matthew (2017). Global Value Chain Development Report 2017: Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of GVCs on Economic Development. World Bank Group.

Feder, Gershon (1982). On Exports and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 12(1-2), 59-73.

Frankel, Jeffrey A. & Romer, David H. (1999). Does Trade Cause Growth? American Economic Review, 89(3), 379-399.

Frankel, Jeffrey A.; Romer, David H. & Cyrus, Teresa (1996). Trade and Growth in East Asian Countries: Cause and Effect? NBER Working Paper Series, No. 5732.

Gereffi, Gary (1994). The Organization of Buyer-Driven Commodity Chains: How US Retailers Shape Overseas Production Networks. In Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, ed. M. Korzeniewicz and G. Gereffi, 95-122. New York: Praeger.

Grossman, Gene M. & Helpman, Elhanan (1991). Trade, Knowledge Spillovers, and Growth. European Economic Review, 35(2-3), 517-526.

Hummels, David; Ishii, Jun & Yi, Kei-Mu (2001). The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade. Journal of International Economics, 54(1), 75-96.

Jangam, Bhushan Praveen & Rath, Badri Narayan (2021). Do Global Value Chains Enhance or Slog Economic Growth? Applied Economics, 53(36), 4148-4165.

Karam, Fida & Zaki, Chahir (2015). Trade Volume and Economic Growth in the MENA Region: Goods or Services? Economic Modelling, 45, 22-37.

Kim, Dong-Hyeon & Lin, Shu-Chin (2009). Trade and Growth at Different Stages of Economic Development. Journal of Development Studies, 45(8), 1211- 1224.

Koopman, Robert; Powers, William; Wang, Zhi & Wei, Shang-Jin (2010). Give Credit Where Credit is Due: Tracing Value-added in Global Production Chains (No. w16426). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Koopman, Robert; Wang, Zhi & Wei, Shang-Jin (2014). Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports. American Economic Review, 104(2), 459- 494.

Kummritz, Victor (2016). Do Global Value Chains Cause Industrial Development? Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Center for Trade and Economic Integration, Working Paper Series. CTEI Working Paper No. 2016-01.

Landesmann, Michael A. & Stöllinger, Roman (2019). Structural Change, Trade and Global Production Networks: An ‘Appropriate Industrial Policy’ for Peripheral and Catching-up Economies. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 48, 7-23.

Lee, Jong-Wha & Lee, Hanol (2016). Human Capital in the Long Run. Journal of Development Economics, 122, 147-169.

Lee, Keun & Shin, Hochul (2021). Varieties of Capitalism and East Asia: Long- Term Evolution, Structural Change, and the End of East Asian Capitalism. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 56, 431-437.

Lenzen, Manfred; Kanemoto, Keiichiro; Moran, Daniel & Geschke, Arne (2012). Mapping the Structure of the World Economy. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(15), 8374-8381.

Lenzen, Manfred; Moran, Daniel; Kanemoto, Keiichiro & Geschke, Arne (2013). Building Eora: A Global Multi-Region Input–Output Database at High Country and Sector Resolution. Economic Systems Research, 25(1), 20-49.

Leontief, Wassily W. (1936). Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States. The Review of Economic Statistics, 105-125.

Mao, Zhuqing (2022). Global Value Chains (GVCs) and Economic Growth: A Nonlinear Analysis. The Singapore Economic Review, 67(03), 985-1004.

Marshall, Monty G. & Gurr, Ted Robert (2020). Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2018 Dataset Users’ Manual. Center for Systemic Peace.

Miller, Ronald E. & Blair, Peter D. (2009). Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Cambridge University Press.

Miniesy, Rania S.; Nugent, Jeffrey B. & Yousef, Tarik M. (2004). Intra-Regional Trade Integration in the Middle East: Past Performance and Future Potential. Trade Policy and Economic Integration in the Middle East and North Africa: Economic Boundaries in Flux, 329-345.

Nana, Ibrahim & Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr. (2025). Global Value Chain Participation and Economic Growth in Africa. Applied Economics, 1-20.

Pahl, Stefan & Timmer, Marcel P. (2020). Do Global Value Chains Enhance Economic Upgrading? A Long View. The Journal of Development Studies, 56(9), 1683-1705.

Pahl, Stefan; Timmer, Marcel P.; Gouma, Reitze & Woltjer, Pieter J. (2022). Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty- Five Low-and Middle-Income Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 36(3), 670-686.

Porter, Michael (1985). Value Chain. The Value Chain and Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.

Roodman, David (2009). How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata. Stata Journal, 9(1), 86-136.

Saidi, Nasser & Prasad, Aathira (2018). Trends in Trade and Investment Policies in the MENA Region. MENA-OECD Working Group on Investment and Trade.

Sharma, Anu (2019). An Analysis of ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative and the Middle East. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 13(1), 35-49.

Tajoli, Lucia & Felice, Giulia (2018). Global Value Chains Participation and Knowledge Spillovers in Developed and Developing Countries: An Empirical Investigation. The European Journal of Development Research, 30(3), 505- 532.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2021). Foreign Direct Investment: Inward and Outward Flows and Stock, Annual. Retrieved from: https://unctad.org/topic/investment/investment-statistics-and-trends.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2021). Human Development Report (2018 Statistical Update). Retrieved from: https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf.

University of International Business and Economics (UIBE) GVC Index Team (2017). Data Files Structure of the UIBE GVC Index System. http://139.129.209.66:8000/d/daedafb854/.

University of International Business and Economics (UIBE) (2017a). Data Files Structure of the UIBE GVC Index System. https://v2.fangcloud.com/share/a26979974d538c7e5aeb24b55a?folder_id=63000172546&lang=en.

University of International Business and Economics (UIBE) (2017b). UIBE Global Value Chain Indexes System – Concept Note. https://v2.fangcloud.com/share/a26979974d538c7e5aeb24b55a?folder_id=63000172546&lang=en.

Wang, Zhi; Wei, Shang-Jin; Yu, Xinding & Zhu, Kunfu (2017). Characterizing Global Value Chains: Production Length and Upstreamness (No. w23261). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Wooster, Rossitza B.; Banda, Tepa M. & Dube, Smile (2008). The Contribution of Intra-Regional and Extra-Regional Trade to Growth: Evidence from the European Union. Journal of Economic Integration, 161-182.

Yanikkaya, Halit (2003). Trade Openness and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation. Journal of Development Economics, 72, 57-89.

Young, Alwyn (1991). Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 369-405.

Zhao, Longyue & Wang, Yan (2009). China’s Pattern of Trade and Growth after WTO Accession: Lessons for Other Developing Countries. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2(3), 178-210.

Publicado
2026-07-31
Cómo citar
Tat, P., Altun, A., & Yanikkaya, H. (2026). Los patrones de comercio pasados y futuros de la región MENA: en busca del crecimiento. Revista de Economía Mundial, 73, 81-109. https://doi.org/10.33776/EUHU/rem.v73i.9123
Sección
Sección General