Las expresiones faciales emocionales como fuente de información en la toma de decisiones clínicas: una revisión sistemática

Fernando Gordillo León; Lilia Mestas Hernández; Germán Gálvez García

doi:10.33776/EUHU/amc.v51i188.9189

Fernando Gordillo León Universidad de Salamanca
Lilia Mestas Hernández Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (FESZ). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Germán Gálvez García Universidad de Salamanca

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33776/EUHU/amc.v51i188.9189

Palabras clave:

Comunicación no verbal, Dolor, Emociones, Inteligencia artificial en salud, Simulación clínica

Resumen

El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la influencia de las expresiones faciales emocionales en la toma de decisiones clínicas, atendiendo tanto a los métodos empleados como a los principales resultados de la última década. Para ello, se aplicaron las directrices del protocolo PRISMA y se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), PsycINFO y MEDLINE, que permitió identificar 16 estudios relevantes. Los resultados muestran que el análisis de las expresiones faciales en el contexto clínico facilita una evaluación más precisa del estado emocional del paciente, repercuten en la calidad de las decisiones clínicas y potencian la empatía profesional. Además, se observa un creciente desarrollo de herramientas de apoyo basadas en inteligencia artificial, con aplicaciones prometedoras en telemedicina, geriatría, cuidados paliativos y atención neonatal. Futuras investigaciones deberán validar la eficacia de estas tecnologías en contextos clínicos reales y establecer marcos éticos sólidos que orienten su adecuada integración en la práctica sanitaria.

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