Desarrollo positivo juvenil y satisfacción con la vida: variables relacionadas con la escuela y efecto mediador del malestar psicológico en función del género y el nivel escolar
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En los últimos años, el enfoque de investigación sobre la salud de los jóvenes ha pasado de identificar problemas a hacer hincapié en el desarrollo positivo juvenil (PYD, por sus siglas en inglés). Este enfoque explora las fortalezas y los recursos que poseen los jóvenes. El presente estudio examina cómo los atributos de PYD se relacionan con la satisfacción con la vida en los adolescentes, teniendo en cuenta los efectos mediadores de los factores relacionados con la escuela (pertenencia a la escuela, acoso escolar, ansiedad ante los exámenes y relación con los profesores) y el malestar psicológico, así como el efecto moderador del género y el nivel escolar. Basándose en la bibliografía, se creó un modelo de trayectoria que se probó con un amplio grupo de adolescentes. Los resultados revelaron que los atributos del PYD, como la confianza, la conexión y la competencia, están vinculados a variables relacionadas con la escuela, que a su vez están asociadas con el malestar psicológico. El malestar psicológico, la confianza y la conexión están directamente relacionados con la satisfacción con la vida. Si bien la mayoría de las asociaciones no mostraron diferencias significativas entre el género y el nivel escolar, hubo algunas diferencias significativas entre estos grupos, a saber, la asociación negativa entre la confianza y el malestar psicológico, que fue mayor en las niñas (secundaria inferior y superior), las asociaciones positivas entre la confianza y la satisfacción con la vida y las asociaciones negativas entre la conexión y el malestar psicológico, que fueron mayores en los niños de secundaria superior, y la asociación negativa entre la confianza y el acoso escolar, que fue mayor en los niños de secundaria inferior. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de promover el desarrollo positivo juvenil (PYD) en las escuelas para mejorar la salud mental y el bienestar de los jóvenes, fomentando un entorno inclusivo y de apoyo que beneficie a toda la comunidad escolar.
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