๎˜ต๏พ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏Žช๏บ๏ŽŒ
๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž๏ŽŒ
253
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ถ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๎˜๎˜ƒHomer. Iliad book I๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š…๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒThe East Face of Helicon๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒIndo-European
Poetry and Myth๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒThe Making of the
Iliad๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘2๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
Indo-European Poetry and Myth๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒAchill contra Achill. Interpretationen zum zweiten Teil von Homers ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒOdyssey๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๏๏ป๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ก๎ š๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ช๎œฐ๎ š๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๎œฐ๎ “๎ ก๎  ๎ ค๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€ฉ๎ ๎ ๎œฐ๎ ž๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๏€™๎ œ๎ œ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Il๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹fam๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘3๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Ž๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘5๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒDie homerische Gesellschaft. Materialien zur analytischen Beschreibung und
historischen Lokalisierung๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒStatus Warriors. War, Violence and
Society in Homer and History๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ Die homerische Gesellschaft. Materialien zur analytischen Beschreibung und
historischen Lokalisierung๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎ ˜๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎ ˜๎œฑ๎ š๎˜‹๎ ž๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๏€ฅ๎ ™๎ ‘๎ œ๎ ˜๎œฑ๎ š๎ ž๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๏€ฅ๎ ก๎ ‘๎ ™๎ ˜๎œฑ๎ š๎ ž๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘
255
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ๎ ช๎ ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒGlotta๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎ –๎ ‘๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜š
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎ –๎ ‘๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜›
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ Miasma. Pollution and Puri๎šฟcation in Early Greek Religion๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒDie Ilias und ihr Dichter๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ Ungeschehenes Geschehen. โ€˜Beinahe-Episodenโ€™ im griechischen und
rรถmischen Epos von Homer bis zur Spรคtantike๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
ad๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎œ”๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜œ
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎˜”๎˜“
ad๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜
ad๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎  ๏ค๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ ’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏€™๎œฐ๎ š๎œฏ๎œฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒThe Iliad. A Commentary, vol. i: books 1-4๎˜ƒ
ad loc.๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒThe Making of the Iliad๎˜๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎œ”๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒPhilologus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒA&A๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒHermes๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒTAPhA๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Communication Arts in the Ancient World๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒad loc.
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒDie Ilias und ihr Dichter๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎šต๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
ad๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜™๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๏บ๏ŽŽ๏Ž„๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏Ž๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™
๎™‹๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ฃ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎™‡๎™ˆ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™†๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒThe Iliad of Homer. Books
i-xii๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒHomer. Iliad Book xxiv๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒThe Iliad. A Commentary, vol. i: books 1-4๎˜๎˜ƒad๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ผ๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏พ๏ผ๏ผ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜๎˜ƒ Pindari et Bacchylidis Hyporchematum Fragmenta๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™– hyporchemata๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜”๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒVita Ambrosiana๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜–๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ hyporchema๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜—๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜˜๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜™๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜š๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜›๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜œ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜“๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜”๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
hyporchemata๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒaetion๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜”๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒPy๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒBibl๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎™…๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๎  ๎œฑ๎ขŒ๎ ๎œฑ๎œฎ๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
under๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎ ๎œฐ๎œฒ๏น๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ ฃ๎ ๎ขŒ๎ ๎ ž๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎  ๎ ช๎œฒ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€™๎ œ๎ œ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ ฅ๎ ฉ๎œณ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ž๎  ๎ขŒ๎ œ๎ “๎  ๎ ฃ๎˜ƒ๎ ค๎  ๎ ก๎œฐ๎ “๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎ ™๎  ๎ ก๎ ช๎ •๎  ๎ ฃ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎ ™๎ ฉ๎ ก๎ ฃ๎ •๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™š๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒaetion๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™›๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๎  ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๏ž๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎ ก๎ ค๎ ˜๎ ๎œฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ hyporchema๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒexarchon๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜”๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜–๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchemata๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎ ก๎ ค๎ ˜๎ ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒLexis๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎™„๎˜๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒSimonides lyricus: Testimonia und
Fragmente. Einleitung, kritische Ausgabe, รœbersetzung und Kommentar๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Quaest. conv.๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜›๎™„๎˜๎™…๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
hyporchema๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhyporchema๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜”๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜•๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž„๏พ๏Ž†๏Ž‰๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž’๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏พ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏ฝ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๎˜๎˜ƒHerodotus. ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ Book
I๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Ž๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‹๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎šฒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎šฒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎šด
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ Histories๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘2๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIliad๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹klรฉa andrรดn๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™‹๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๏ป๏ผ๏พ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒhistorรญรชs apรณdexis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™œ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹historรญรช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜‘3๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒapรณdexis๎˜ƒ
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒThe Landmark Herodotus: The Histories๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒTimes Literary Supplement๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎šด
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎šต๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒet al.๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Heraklitus im Kontext๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜“๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒHistoires๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
historรญรช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎šด
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ nรณmos๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒnรณmos๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™…๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹aitรญa๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‰๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹aklรฉa gรฉnรชtai๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜‘๎šด
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๏€•๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎œฏ๎œฐ๎ Ÿ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๏‚๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ก๎ “๎ ˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๏†๎œฑ๎œฒ๎ ฆ๎ ก๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ขŒ๎  ๎œฏ๎œฐ๎ ค๎ ™๎ ‘๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎œฏ๎œฐ๎ Ÿ๎ š๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ›๎ œ๎ ‘๎œฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™…๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎ ๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎˜ƒ ๏€™๎ œ๎ œ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜—๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎ š๎ ๎ ž๎ ’๎œฑ๎  ๎ ๎œฎ๎ š๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๏€™๎ œ๎ œ๎™’๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™—๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜–๎˜
๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™…๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™†๎™œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜’๎™Š๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎›€๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‰๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™…๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒExClass๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜„๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡
๎™˜๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™š๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎™‡๎™ˆ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜๎™Œ๎™™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๏พ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒCratino๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ(frr. 218โ€“298)๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™•๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ช๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™ผ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™Ž๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Seriphioi๎˜๎˜ƒTrophลnios๎˜๎˜ƒCheimazomenoi๎˜๎˜ƒCheirลnes๎˜๎˜ƒH๎Ÿ€rai๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’3๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™…๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‚๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Poetae Comici Graeci๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ Addenda et
corrigenda๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒPoetae Comici Graeci๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒPoetae Comici
Graeci๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒPoetae Comici Graeci๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎šฑ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Notae et
castigationes postumae in Stephani Byzantii ๏€ซ๎ ™๎ ž๎ š๎ ›๏บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Š๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎ ˆ๏บ๎ •๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ˆ๏บ๎ ›๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎œฏ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎šฑ๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ง๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Premessa๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ Seriphioi๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒBabylลnioi๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpiรจce๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒipsissima๎˜ƒverba๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒplot๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎œฐ๎ œ๎œฐ๏บ๎œฑ๎œฒ๎ ก๎œฎ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒpersona๎˜ƒloquens๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎šด5๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒcalembour๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถincipit๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
cum variatione๎˜๎˜ƒOd๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒnostos๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎šต๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎ ๎ ž๎ ˜๎ ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒP๎˜‘Oxy๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ ๎˜ƒCom๎˜‘
Adesp๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎šฑ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒNuvole๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Vespe๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎šฟ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒTrophลnios๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ •๎ ก๏‚€๎ ›๎œฐ๎ œ๎  ๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒhapax๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Et๎˜‘๎˜ƒGen๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎ •๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฑ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎ •๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎šฑ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒin๎˜ƒOd๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™…๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฉ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ piรจces๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๏ต๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎šฟ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎œฎ๏‚€๎ ๎  ๎ ž๎œฐ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒsine๎˜ƒverbis๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ต๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹sine verbis๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒCheimazomenoi๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒAcarnesi๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ Cheirลnes๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎ ช๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ž๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎ ›๎œฐ๎œณ๎œฎ๎ œ๎ ˜๎ –๎œฐ๎ ก๎ ‘๎œฒ๎ ˜๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ œ๎ œ๎œฎ๎ ›๏ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎ ›๎ ฃ๎ ž๎ ซ๎ขŒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹sine๎˜ƒ
verbis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒsine๎˜ƒverbis๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹sine๎˜ƒverbis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒlaudationes๎˜ƒ
temporis๎˜ƒacti๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ piรจce๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
terminus ante quem๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Hลrai๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜–๎˜›๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒroster๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒHลrai๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒdidaskalos๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ผ๎ œ๎ ˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
komodoumenos๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Index fontium๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
Index locorum๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ Index verborum๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒCheirลnes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž†๏บ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
๎˜จ๏Ž†๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๏พ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒEuripides: ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š…๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Iphigenia in Tauris๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ IT๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ Iphigenia among the Taurians๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Iphigenie auf Tauris๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
IT๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๏ป๏ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒHelen๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™Š๎™œ๎™“๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Poetics๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒIT๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒprologos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜•๏ต๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒAgamemnon๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎›€๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒapparatus criticus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜–๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜Œ๎˜ƒapparatus๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šถ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šต๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎šฑ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ alii alia๎˜Œ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜
๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๏ท๎˜ƒ๎ –๏ƒ‹๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฌ๎ œ๎ œ๏บ๎œฏ๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ ž๎œฎ๎ ช๎œฒ๎ ˜๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ œ๎œฐ๏‚…๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๎ œ๏บ๎ •๎œฐ๎œฑ๎ ™๎œฐ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๏‚†๎ขŒ๎ ˜๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏ƒง๏‚‚๎ ™๎ š๏บ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒƒ๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ›๎ œ๎œฐ๎ ฃ๎ ›๎œฎ๏‚€๎ ž๎œฐ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎Ÿœ๎˜ƒ
๏€ฉ๎ ค๎  ๎ ๎œฐ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ –๏น๎ ก๎˜ƒ๏ฐ๎ ž๎ขŒ๎œฐ๎ ก๎˜ƒ๎  ๏ข๎ ž๎œฐ๎ ›๏ƒƒ๎˜ƒ๏€™๎ Ÿ๎œฐ๎ ž๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏‚‚๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ
๎ ˆ๎ ฃ๎ ๎ขŒ๎ œ๎ ˜๎ –๏บ๎œฏ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€ฉ๎œฑ๎ ฆ๎ ™๎œฐ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๏๎œฑ๎œฐ๎ขŒ๎ œ๎œฐ๏‚„๎œฑ๎œฎ๎ ๎œฐ๎ ž๎˜‘
๎šต๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ad loc.๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒHel.๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒPers. ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๏€™๎ ›๎ ก๎  ๎ š๎œฑ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎œฎ๎ ›๎œฒ๏‚„๎ œ๎  ๎ š๎œฑ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ ก๎ ™๎ ๎œฐ๏‚„๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏…๎ ค๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šต๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎ขŒ๎  ๎ ก๎ ™๎ ๎œฐ๎ ช๎ ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™˜๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šต๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒCyc๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๏€š๎ –๎ ž๎ š๎œฑ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ ค๎ ก๎ ฃ๎œฑ๏ƒถ๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ผ๎ œ๎œฎ๎ ™๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎šต๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™‡๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ฃ๎ ก๎œฑ๏ƒถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎šต๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™‡๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹LSCG๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹NGSL๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒThesCRA ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎šฑ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜œ๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹LSS๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎šฑ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒThe Stagecraft of Aeschylus๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜•๎˜š๎šฑ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜“๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Stagecraft๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒparodos๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Stagecraft๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒeisodos๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒNarrative in Drama: The Art
of the Euripidean Messenger Speech๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜•๎˜”๎šฑ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜”๎˜“๎šฑ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜
๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎œฐ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ›๎ ก๏ผ๎  ๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ š๏น๎˜ƒ๎ ˆ๎ ฃ๎ ๎ขŒ๎ œ๎ ˜๎ –๏บ๎œฏ๎ ฆ๎ ž
๎ •๎  ๏ƒจ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ œ๎  ๎œณ๎  ๎ ก๎ •๎  ๏‚ƒ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏‚‚๎ ž๎œฒ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๏๎œฑ๎œฐ๎ •๏บ๎ œ๎ œ๎  ๎ ๎œฐ๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ
๏€ท๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ š๎œฎ๎ ก๎ ก๏‚…๎ Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ ฃ๎ ๏บ๎œฒ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ œ๎ œ๏ƒต๎ š๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๏บ๎ œ๎ ฆ๎ š๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎  ๎ š๎ œ๎ ฆ๎ขŒ๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ –๎ ๏‚‚๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ ก๎œณ๎ ฃ๎ ก๎œฐ๎ ฃ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎œฒ๏ผ๎ –๎œฎ๎ š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๏ต๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜’๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜’๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜œ๎šฑ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๏ต๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒJHS๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜
๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ฝ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏–๎œฏ๏ƒƒ๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ›๎œฒ๏น๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ›๎ œ๎ š๎ขŒ๏‚…๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎ ™๎œฎ๎ œ๎œฎ๎œฑ๎œฑ๏‚€๎  ๎ ฃ๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๎ •๎  ๎ ฃ๎œณ๎  ๎ ก๎ •๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ถ๎ ›๎œฐ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎ ˜๎ ๎œฎ๎ ž๏ƒต๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚€๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎  ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ ž๏ผ๎  ๎ ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ poiรชtรชs sophos๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ Arethusa๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ข๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒEl. ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ถ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎›€๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘
47: ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ99: ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒHipp.๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ œ๏ƒ‰๎ ™๎ ก๎œฎ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‡๎™’๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™…๎™’๎™๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ222: ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฐ๎ ก๎ ›๎ “๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒCambridge Greek
Lexicon๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜Œ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™‹๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ275: ๎ ๎ ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ š๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ393: ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒPrometheus Bound๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ542: ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒHel.๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๏‘๎ ก๎ ™๏ƒต๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ 550: ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ƒต๎ ž๎˜ƒ
๎ขŒ๎ ก๎  ๎œฑ๏ƒ‹๎ ›๎ ‘๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎  ๎ š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ข๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ข๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ƒต๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒAlc.๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒMed.๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
Hipp.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
615-16: ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ œ๎ œ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏ผ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ก๎  ๎ ™๎ ฃ๎ ๏‚€๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎œฐ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๏ƒจ๎œฏ๏ƒƒ๎˜ƒ๏€ฉ๎ ค๎  ๎ ฃ๎œฑ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ ฃ๎ –๎ ค๏บ๎ ž๎œฐ๎ š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ ฃ๎ –๎ ค๎ ๎ ž๎œฐ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎œฒ๎ ฃ๎ –๎ ค๏บ๎ ž๎œฐ๎ š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๏€ฅ๎ Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๏๎œฒ๎ “๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ž๎ ฉ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎šถ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ659:
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ณ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒIon ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒHec. ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒIon๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ1023: ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๏๎ ž๏ƒต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ š๎ ž๏ƒต๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒJHS ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ก๎  ๎ ™๎ ฃ๎ ๎ “๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒIT๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž๏บ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž’๏ฝ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™‘
๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎™๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™‡๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™‡๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‡๎˜๎˜ƒ Euripides: ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š…๎˜™๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏บ๎˜ƒ๏Žˆ๏ป๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™›๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™•๎™น๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ mฤ“chanแธ—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒdeus ex machina๎˜‘
Andrรณmaca๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ด๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™พ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๏Ž†๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏พ๏Ž†๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏บ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๏ฝ๏พ๎˜ƒ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๏Žˆ๏ป๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™ด๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜’๎™…๎™ฉ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒAndrรณmaca๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฅ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šซ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ด๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏บ๏Žƒ๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒTroyanas๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ฉ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ด๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒAndrรณmaca๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏พ๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‰๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎šž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜’๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜’๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Eneida๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Heroidas๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ง๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Historia
de la destrucciรณn de Troya, ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Relato de la
guerra de Troya๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜Œ๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Andrรณmaca๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šข๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ข๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎šž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Eneida๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Fรกbulas๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Heroidas๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Troyanas๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒBiblioteca๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ด๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™ด๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒAndrรณmaca๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒFranciada๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒThe
Distressed Mother๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ด๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒLe Cygne๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ด๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ Astianatte๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒAndrรณmaca๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
Andromaque et Pyrrhus๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜
๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎›‹๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒProfessor emerita๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜จ๎˜ธ๎˜ธ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™น๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Electra๎˜๎˜ƒFiloctetes๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Hipรณlito๎˜๎˜ƒAlcestis๎˜๎˜ƒ
Andrรณmaca๎˜๎˜ƒElectra๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๏ŽŽ๏บ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏Žฌ๏Ž‰๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎˜ฑ๎˜จ๎˜ง๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ฃ๎›€๎™’๎™Š๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏พ๏บ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏บ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏Žˆ,๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒAristophanes fr. 101-204,๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ Fragmenta Comica๎˜ƒ๎˜‹FrC๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
Telekleides๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒAlkimenes-Kantharos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒLeukon-Xenophilos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฒ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ Poetae Comici Graeci๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Kommentierung der Fragmente der
griechischen Komรถdie๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎˜๎˜ช๎š๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘2๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒFrogs๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
Demes๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒGerytadesโ€”๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒGeorgoi๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒGeras๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒGerytades๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒFrC ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘
๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™…๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‚๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒThe Antiatticist, ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒLe citazioni di
Aristofane nel lessico dellโ€™Antiatticista๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒTrends in Classics๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒDaidalos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒKokalos๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜“๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šฒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎šฒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒGeorgoi๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒPeace๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒAcharnians๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒplatanos๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎šฒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎šฒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎›€๎™’๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒkulikeion๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
Georgoi ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎šซ๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒGeras๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒWasps๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎™š๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๏ž๎ขŒ๏‚๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒต๎ ž๎˜ƒฯ„แฝธ ฮณแฟ†ฯฮฑฯ‚๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ขŒ๎  ๎ •๎œฎ๎ œ๎ œ๏‚‚๎ ž๎œฒ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜Œ๎˜
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ฃ๎œฒ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚€๎˜ƒ๏€ท๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ก๏‚ผ๎ –๎ ๎œฎ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎Ÿบ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎ ™๎œฐ๎ ก๎ ๎  ๏‚„๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ผ๎ ›๎ ž๎  ๎ ž๎˜‘
๎˜‹๎Ÿน๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ œ๎ œ๏ƒ…๎˜ƒ๏€ท๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ ก๎œฎ๎œณ๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ข๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎Ÿบ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ ก๎ š๎ •๎œฎ๎ ž๏‚€๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ผ๎ ›๎ ž๎  ๎ ž๎˜
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚€๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ ก๎ š๎ •๎œฎ๎ ž๏‚€๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎Ÿบ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏บ๎ ž๎ ฃ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏ป๎˜ƒ๎ œ๎œฐ๎ ฃ๎ ›๎  ๏‚„๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ฏ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ผ๎ ›๎ ž๎  ๎ ž
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™’๎˜„
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™๎™œ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™…๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™’๎˜„
๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™…๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™’๎˜„3
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒAristophanes. Fragments,
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒWasps๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒKnights๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒGeras๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒphyle๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒGeras๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒWasps๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒPeace๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™Ž๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜
๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎šฒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒDaidalos๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎šฟ๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒKokalos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šฒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™š๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒPeace๎˜๎˜ƒLysistrata,๎˜ƒThesmophoriazusae๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
Ecclesiazusae.
Gerytades ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒFrogs). ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜
๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ซ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎œฌ๎ ก๏‚บ๎ ›๎  ๎œณ๎  ๏ƒ™๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒFragmente einer Geschichte der griechischen Komรถdie๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ back-and-forth ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šฒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜ข5๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒdoes๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šฒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒKomFrag๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜๎˜๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Wรถrter๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ Sachen๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒTranstextuelle Technik in den Aristophanischen
Komรถdien๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ Gerytades๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒFragmentation in Ancient Greek Drama๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒTragedy on the Comic Stage ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™š๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒFragments, Holes and Wholes: Reconstructing the Ancient World in Theory and Practice ๎˜‹Journal
of Juristic Papyrology ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™˜๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
deus ex machina ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒDaidalos๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ๎ ˜๎ ค๎œฎ๎ ž๎  ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ š๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎˜„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒGerytades๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒPeace ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ช๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎œฒ๏น๎˜ƒ ๎ ๎  ๎ ก๎ ๎  ๎ œ๎ ฃ๎ ›๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎œฎ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎šด๎šฒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒGerytades๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒFrogs๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Georgoi๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
khorรชgeion๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒgoing frequently๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹phoitรดntes๎šฒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒGerytades๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‘๎™œ๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎ ˆ๎ ˜๎ ก๏บ๎ –๎ –๎ š๎  ๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Georgoi๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎™„๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒGeorgoi ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎˜ƒ
strephein๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ exempli gratia๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹verborum,
rerum, nominum, locorum๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™Ž๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ FrC๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒglikhesthai๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ize๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒbathu๎˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜izo ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜tria๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ-ian๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™๎™Š๎™Š๎™Ž๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜’๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜›๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒeuthu ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜kolax๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜บ๎™’๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‡
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ฃ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜
๎˜ญ๏บ๏Ž†๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๏Ž‚๏Ž€๏Ž€๏Ž…๏พ๎˜๎˜ƒ Theophrastus: ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎š…๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒWahren Geschichten๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™Ž๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‘๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™•๎š๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ผ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎™ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ Charaktere๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎›ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šต๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜2๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒTextual Criticism and Editorial Technique๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜พsc๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎šณ๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒTheophrastus: Characters๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎›ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎š๎™‘๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šต๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ผ๎š‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜
๎˜•๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜3๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™ผ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™‡๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ผ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎š†๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™—๎š๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎š†๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™—๎˜‘๎˜—
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎š‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฌ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎š๎™•๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎š†๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎š๎™•๎™๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎š๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฌ๎™–๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘5
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒTheophrastusโ€™ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–. A New Introduction๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ผ๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒTheophrast von Eresos. Universalwissenschaftler im Kreis
des Aristoteles und Begrรผnder der wissenschaftlichen Botanik. Eine Einfรผhrung๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ผ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ผ๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎š๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎›„๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒCharaktere ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎šณ๎˜๎˜ƒAKAN โ€“ Antike Naturwissenschaft
und ihre Rezeption๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒTheophrastus: Characters๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎šณ๎˜๎˜ƒGnomon๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒTheophrastus: Characters๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎šณ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Hermathena๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒTheophrastus: Characters๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎šณ๎˜๎˜ƒCR๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ผ๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎š๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ข๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎š๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎›€๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒOxford Classical Dictionary๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒThe Cambridge Greek
Lexikon๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™Ž๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ผ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Ž๎™๎™ฌ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™…๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒCharaktere๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šณ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎š๎™•๎™‰๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎šณ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‰๎š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Charaktere๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฌ๎™˜๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎™ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎  ๏ค๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ ค๎ ก๎ ˜๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎  ๏ค๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ ค๎ ก๎ ˜๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๎ “๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™…๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ฝ๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿ๎œฑ๎ ฃ๎ ž>๎œฐ๎ขŒ๎œฐ๎ ช๎ ค๎œฐ๎œฑ๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎œฐ๎ ช๎ ค๎œฐ๎œฑ๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿ๎ ›๎ š๎ ›๎ ›๎œฎ๎ •๎ ๎ —๎ ฆ๎œฑ๎ š๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒlacuna ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎œฎ๎ ›๎ ›๎œฎ๎ •๎ “๎ —๎ ฆ๎œฑ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ ก๎ š๎ ฉ๎ ž๎œฒ๎  ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๏€š๎ ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ ก๎œฐ๎ ฃ๎ ฉ๎ ๎œฐ๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜๎ ฉ๎ ๎œฐ๎ ž๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฅ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๏๎ขŒ๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€š๎ ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ ก๎œฐ๎ ฃ๎  ๎ ๎ ‘๎ ž๏ƒณ๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๏๎ขŒ๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๏‚๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ ฃ๎ ž๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒ‹๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๏ƒจ๎˜ƒ๎ –๎œฐ๎ “๎œฒ๎  ๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๏ž๎ขŒ๏‚๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒ‹๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๏ƒจ๎˜ƒ๎ –๎œฐ๎ “๎œฒ๎  ๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎ ฃ๎ ž๎ ฉ๎ ข๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™…๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎ œ๎ ‘๎œฑ๎ ค๎ ˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ ฃ๎œฑ๎ ค๎œฐ๎ ก๎ ’๎ ข๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎š๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ท๏Ž๏พ๏Žˆ๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏บ๏Ž†๏Ž‰๏Žˆ๏Ž„๏บ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™Ž๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎™…๎™ˆ
๎˜ถ๏Ž๏พ๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏Žณ๏Ž‹๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ƒDie Argonauten in Afrika. Einleitung, รœbersetzung und
Kommentar zur Libyenepisode der ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„ des Apollonios von Rhodos (A.R.
4,1223โ€“1781)๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Ž๎˜—๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜™๎˜›๎˜™๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒArgonautika๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™๎š๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎š๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šณ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎š๎™—๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜’๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎š๎™—๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฌ๎š‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™™๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฌ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎š๎™‘๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™’๏ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎šณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎š๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ Argonautika๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜’
๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ถ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎š๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘2๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™‰๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎š‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ
๎›„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™—๎šณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎š๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ The Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius: Edited with Introduction and
Commentary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒNoten zu den Argonautika des Apollonios๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒApollonii Rhodii Argonauticon Liber Quartus: Introduzione, testo critico, traduzione e
commento๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒApollonios von Rhodos: Die Fahrt der Argonauten. Griechisch/
Deutsch๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎›€๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒR๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒApollonius of Rhodes: Argonautica Book IV๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™Œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎š‰๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜‘๎šณ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎š๎™•๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ฌ๎š‰๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎š๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™˜๏ต๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™๎™ฌ๎™˜๎šฟ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™‘๎™‰๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎š๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎š๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™–๎™ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™‘๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎™…๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒArgonautika๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎š๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎›€๎™ผ๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฌ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ธ๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šณ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎š๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™•๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šณ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ผ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎šณ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ฅ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘3๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ผ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™ฌ๎™—๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Ž๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๏€ต๎ œ๎ ฃ๎ ™๎œฐ๎˜ƒ๎ –๏น๎ ก๎˜ƒ๎ ค๎ ™๎ š๎ —๏‚‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๏€•๎ ž๏ฝ๎ ก๎˜ƒ๏‘๎ œ๎  ๏‚†๎œฒ๎œฎ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏ข๎ •๎ ก๎ š๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏ผ๎ ๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎š‰๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šณ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎š‰๎˜ข
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎š‰๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‰๎š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™“๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฌ๎™–๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™‰๎š๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™š๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Ž๎š๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒร‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒApollonios de Rhodes: Argonautiques. Tome III: Chant IV๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒApollonios von Rhodos: Das Argonautenepos๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™•๎™๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒAnzeiger fรผr die Altertumswissenschaft๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏ƒง๎ ฆ๎ –๏บ๎œฏ๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ›๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏ผ๎œฒ๎ ก๎ ˜๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎›„๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎šณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜
Idyll๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎›„๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎šณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ผ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎š๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎šณ๎˜„5๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ Herakliskos๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ผ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๏ƒง๎ ฆ๎ –๏บ๎œฏ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏ผ๎œฒ๎ ก๏ƒ‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒTh๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒEp๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜
๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎ ›๎ ก๎ ˜๎ ๎ ž๎  ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎œฏ๎ š๎œฐ๎œฑ๎ ค๎ š๎œฑ๎ ๏ผ๎ ž๎  ๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎˜‘๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๏ƒง๎ ฆ๎ –๏บ๎œฏ๎œฐ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ƒง๏‚†๎ Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๏ƒง๏พ๎ –๎ ž๎ ฃ๎ ๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒOdyssee๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™‡๎™œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Od๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎š๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ผ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏ƒง๎ ฆ๎ –๏บ๎œฏ๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๏€ฅ๎ ›๎˜ƒ ๎ขŒ๏ผ๎œฒ๎ ก๎ ˜๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎›€๎™ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ข๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ผ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™ผ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ผ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ผ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ข๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ข๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™‰๎š๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒThe Rhetoric of Imitation: Genre and Poetic Memory in Virgil and Other Latin
Poets๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎šณ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎š‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ฌ๎™—๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒHercules Stoicus๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒHercules
comicus๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๏ต๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™›๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™Ž๎™’๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎š๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฌ๎™–๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ฌ๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™๎™๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎š๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎š๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎˜„
๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏ŽŸ๏Ž‹
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™๎™’
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™…๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ฃ๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™Ž๎™Ž๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎™‘๎™’
๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Herakles im griechischen Epos:
Studien zur Narrativitรคt und Poetizitรคt eines Helden๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ฝ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž…๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ Agenorid Myth in the ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„ of Pseudo-
Apollodorus. A Philological Commentary of ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎˜‘ III.1-56 and a Study into the
Composition and Organization of the Handbook๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Ž๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜
๎˜“๎˜™๎˜“๎˜•๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Library๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Early Greek Mythography. II๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒFasti๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎™•๎™™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒParisinus๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒEpitome Vaticana๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Library๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ Library๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhypotheses๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™œ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Catalogue๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ผ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Quellenuntersuchung zum 1. Buch๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Library๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ Library๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLibrary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๏Ž๏พ๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‹๏ป๏Žˆ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡
๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž…๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž†๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒLesser and Anonymous Fragments of Greek Lyric Poetry: a
Commentary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š…๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜™๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎›ƒ๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎šต๎˜ƒ๎˜‹lesser๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
lesser ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‡๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎š๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™‹๎™‡๎˜‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ข๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒcarmina popularia necnon convivalia๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎›ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎šต๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎›ƒlapidaria๎šณ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ in-medias-res๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎š๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎™Ž๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ฌ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™—๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™๎™š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ Poetae Melici Graeci๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™™๎™’๎™๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎š‰๎™‘๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฌ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏‡…๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ผ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒGeschichte und Theorie
der Gattung Paian: eine kritische Untersuchung mit einem Ausblick auf Behandlung und Au๎ฟผassung
der lyrischen Gattungen bei den alexandrinischen Philologen๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™•๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎š‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ผ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™„๎š‰๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ loci paralleli๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎š‰๎™๎š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™’๎˜Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒtrickster hero๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๏ถ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™–๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Ž๎™–๎™—๎š๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜
๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Ž๎™–๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎š‰๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜‘2
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™๎š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎š๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎™๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ fr.๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎›„๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎šณ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ ad๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒnon plus ultra
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘3๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Š๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ผ๎™๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹fr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜—๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ผ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ช๎™๎™ผ๎™†๎™Ž๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ Lasst
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™™๎™’๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒreligiose๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒkunstliche๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒverdrangt๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒfrรผhstuckt๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ
Jungfrauenschore๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒpartier๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒpariter๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒden lustiger๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒden Lustigen๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™—๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒSchmidt๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒSchmid๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒItโ€™s true that Mavis and Sybil โ€˜ave / Ways that are winning / And Prudence and Gwendolyn /
Set your โ€˜eart spinning / Phoebeโ€™s delightful, Maude is disarming / Janice, Felicia, Lydiaโ€“charming
/ Cynthiaโ€™s dashing, Vivianโ€™s sweet / Stephanieโ€™s smashing, Priscilla a treat / Veronica, Millicent,
Agnes, and Jane / Convivial company, time and again / Dorcas and Phyllis and Glynis are sorts
/ Iโ€™ll agree are three jolly good sports / But cream of the crop, tip of the top / Itโ€™s Mary Poppins,
and there we stop! ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎š๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎™“๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™…๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒGroรŸem Partheneion ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹fr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฐ๎˜ช๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎›„๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒGymnasium๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
mich ein, ihr Kinder, / Ist so kalt der Winter, / ร–๎ฟผnet mir das Tรผrchen, / Lasst
mich nicht erfrieren! // Mรคdchen und ihr Bรผbchen, / Macht mir auf das Stรผbchen,
/ Bringโ€™ euch schรถne Gaben, / Lasst euch dran erlaben!
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ –๏‚…๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏ƒ…๎˜ƒ๏ƒ…๎Ÿน๎ ก๎ š๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฐ๏‚€๎œฏ๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ š๎ ž๏ผ๎ ฆ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๏€™๎ ž๎œฏ๎ ก๏ƒ…๎˜ƒ๏‚๎œฐ๎ ก๏‚ผ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ขŒ๏ƒ…๎˜ƒ๏ƒ…๎Ÿน๎บก๎œฎ๎ ž๏‚ผ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๏€ฅ๎ œ๎บก๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€ช๎ ž๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎ œ๏ƒต๎ š๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎Ÿน๎ ก๎ š๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฐ๏‚€๎œฏ๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎ œ๏ƒต๎ š๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™„๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎›ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎šต๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๏€ช๎ ž๎œฎ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Ž๎™–๎˜Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๏€ฉ๎œฒ๎ ฃ๎ ๎  ๎ ž๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™˜๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎š‰๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎œฒ๏‚€๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๏’๎˜ƒ ๎บก๏‚‚๎ ก๎ ฃ๎ •๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๏–๎œฏ๎œฐ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚€๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏บ๎œฏ๎œฐ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏น๎˜ƒ ๎ ค๎  ๎ ก๎œฐ๏‚„๎ ๎œฎ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๎œฒ๏‚€๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏ข๎ •๎ ก๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฉ๎ ๎  ๎ œ๎œฐ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿป๎ š๎  ๎ ž๎ ฃ๎œฑ๎ š๏บ๎œฏ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ œ๎ ฃ๎ขŒ๏บ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ –๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎บก๎ ฃ๎ ๏ผ๎ œ๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜ž๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒad๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ฌ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™š๎™ฌ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™‘๎š๎™“๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘5๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™œ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜’๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ผ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ …๏ˆ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ ๏’๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ฉ๎ขŒ๏‚‚๎ œ๎ œ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎œฑ๎œฐ๏‚€๎œฑ๎œฎ๎œฒ๎  ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏บ๎œณ๎ ž๎ š๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏–๎ ก๎ขŒ๎ ˜๎ Ÿ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎  ๏ˆ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ
๎œฏ๏ƒƒ๎˜ƒ๏–๎ œ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏‚๎˜ƒ๎ ๏ผ๎ œ๎œฎ๎บก๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎œ๎˜ƒ๏€ฆ๎ ›๏น๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฆ๎ ›๏น๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏–๎œฑ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ œ๎ š๎œฒ๎ ก๏‚‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹h๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏€ฆ๎ ›๏น๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๏€ฆ๎ ›๎ ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๏‡…๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๏‡…๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎ ๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎ ๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๏’๎˜ƒ ๎Ÿบ๎ ก๏‚‚๎ ๎ š๎  ๎ ข๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™ผ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Hyp. fr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎™„๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎œฑ๎ ช๎ ž๎œฐ๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๏–๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎˜ƒ
๎ œ๎ ‘๎ –๎ ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎˜ƒ ๎ —๎œฎ๎ ™๏ผ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎˜ƒ ๏‚๎œฐ๎ ก๏ƒต๎ ž๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๏‚†๎ ž๎ ฃ๎ ๎œฐ๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎˜ƒ ๎ขŒ๏บ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ก๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎ ›๎œฒ๎ “๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ก๎˜ƒ๎Ÿน๏…๎œฒ๎ ž๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎›ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ Kallimachos: ๎˜จ๎™Ž๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™ˆ๎™– in der Tradition
griechischer Herrscherenkomiastik. Einleitung, Text und Kommentar๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎˜ƒ๎œณ๎ ก๎ ฃ๎ ž๎œฐ๎  ๏ƒจ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒad๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๏ต๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ผ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Ž๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹id.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ •๏บ๎œฒ๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ค๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏ป๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎œฒ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ›๎ ก๏‚€๎œฏ๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๏ฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ก๏‚€๎œฑ๎œฏ๎ ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒAitia ๎˜‹Ait. fr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏‘๎ ž๎ ฉ๎ ๎œฎ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ œ๎ œ๎ ฉ๎œฒ๎ ก๎ š๎œฎ๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‰๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™˜๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎›ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎šต๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎ ž๎œฒ๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎ขŒ๎ ฉ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ ๎  ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™จ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ถ๎™“๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๏”๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ ๏บ๎ ค๎œฐ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ ๎œฎ๎ ›๏บ๎ ก๎œฐ๎œฑ๎œฑ๎ š๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ๏ƒถ๎˜ƒ๎ •๎œฎ๎œฑ๎ š๎ œ๏ƒ‹๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ ๏บ๎ ค๎  ๎ š๎œฒ๎  ๎œ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๏–๎œฑ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ๏ƒถ๎˜ƒ๎ •๎œฎ๎œฑ๎ š๎ œ๏ƒ‹๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๏ƒ…๎Ÿน๎ขŒ๏‚‚๎ œ๎ œ๎ ฆ๎ ž๎ š๎˜ƒ ๎ ๏บ๎ ค๎  ๎ š๎œฒ๎  ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ๏ƒถ๎˜ƒ ๎ •๎œฎ๎œฑ๎ š๎ œ๏ƒ‹๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎ ๏‚๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๏’๎˜ƒ๎Ÿบ๎ ก๏‚‚๎ ๎ š๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿบ๎ ก๏‚‚๎ ๎ š๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ •๎œฎ๎œฑ๎ š๎ œ๎œฐ๎ ช๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฌ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎š๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™ฌ๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎š‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎ ฃ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏น๎˜ƒ๎บก๏‚„๎ ก๎œฐ๎œฒ๎ ก๎œฎ๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎œฎ๎ œ๏ƒถ๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎  ๎œฏ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œญ๎  ๏ƒ™๎ •๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ก๏บ๎œฑ๎œฑ๎œฐ๎ š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™—๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎บก๎ ฃ๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ๎ ๎ ค๎  ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎ ฃ๎ –๎ ๎œฎ๎ ค๎ “๎œฎ๎ š๎œฑ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ท๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎š๎™•๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™๎™’๎™“๎™‰๎™—๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜›
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎š๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๏‡…๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜ƒ๏‡…๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ฌ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎š๎™‹๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏‡…๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcognoscenti๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ฝ๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Žƒ๏Žœ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™‰
๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Ž๎™๎™ฌ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ฌ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ผ๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎š‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Ž๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎ œ๎ ฃ๏‡…๎œฏ๎ ˜๎˜ƒ๎™ก๎˜ƒ๎ ๎ ฃ๎œฏ๎ ’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ผ๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๏๎ œ๎ ฉ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒfr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒad loc.๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒfr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎›ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎š‰๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Š๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒad๎˜ƒfr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žฌ๏Ž†๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏Ž›๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žฌ๎˜๎˜ƒLuciano. Obras, VII๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎ •๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎ –๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ Sueรฑo ๎™’๎˜ƒ Vida de
Luciano๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ editio
princeps ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ corpus ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™พ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒHipias o las termas, Sobre la sala,
Prometeo, Acerca de los sacri๎šฟcios, Anacarsis o sobre los ejercicios atlรฉticos,
Alejandro o un falso adivino, Imรกgenes, Sobre la danza, Sobre la astrologรญa, En
defensa de las imรกgenes, Asamblea de dioses ๎™œ Zeuxis o Antรญoco. ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜๎˜ƒVaticanus Graecus๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒcorpus ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒLucianus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™…๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™†๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™พ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜๎˜ƒVaticanus Graecus๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ –๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎Ÿบ๎˜๎˜ƒVindobonensis Phil. Graecus ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎ ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒParisinus Graecus ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ •๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™พ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒSobre
la astrologรญa, ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒHipias
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ฉ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒSobre la sala, ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒAlejandro o un
falso adivino๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™น๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™พ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™พ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ Prometeo๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒImรกgenes๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒrealia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž†๏บ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž“
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏ฝ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ƒTerence: ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š…๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒCommentum๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถAndria ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถAndria๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™’๏ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถAndria๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒCambridge Greek and Latin Classics๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
status๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒpalliata๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒplot ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒexitus๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™–๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒaegre๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎šถaeque๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒaegre๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒvix๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ
iurato๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒiurandum๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒau!๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒeho!๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎›Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒcontaminatio๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒRealien ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณContaminare๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒIncontri triestini di ๎šฟlologia classica๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒLa โ€˜lectura Terentiiโ€™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒDa Ildemaro a
Francesco Petrarca๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ญ๏บ๏ผ๏Ž„๏Ž‚๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž๎˜๎˜ƒEarly Latin poetry๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ Brill Research
Perspectives in Classical Poetry๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ท๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜2๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜3๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘5๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒGreek lyric of the archaic and classical periods๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒRoman comedy๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒOvid๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒPost-classical Greek elegy and lyric poetry๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒHomer and the epic cycle๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒpalliata๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒForum๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒRealien๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒquadrupes๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ2๎˜‘
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏พ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏ฟ๏ฟ๏Ž‚
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๏ถ๎˜ฃ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™–๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎šฌ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎š€๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒearly๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฏ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎šถ๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ palliata ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒtogata๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ป๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Fragmentary Republican Latin๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Loeb Classical
Library๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒcrepidata ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒpraetexta ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒRoman satire๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒRoman comedy๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ Roman satire๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ช๎˜๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ป๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ฑ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎šถ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎š†๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ Ennius๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒsubulo๎˜ƒ
๎šฉ๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎š€๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ Ling.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
cascus๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ling. ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒcatus๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ling.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒLing.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Ennis๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏พ๏ฝ๏บ๏Ž“
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™‹
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒmedix tuticus๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
SE๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏บ๏ฝ, Laughing Atoms, Laughing Matter: Lucretiusโ€™ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒand Satire๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‡๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
die Kreuzung der Gattungen๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒDe rerum natura๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒDRN๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ช๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™›๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ satura.๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ DRN ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ego๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒDRN.๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒDe Rerum Natura ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™‡๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒindignatio๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎˜๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒsatura ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
satura)๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒtopos ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎šถ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒsatura,
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
locus amoenus๎˜๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜
๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒsatura ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒSermones๎˜‘2
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpoetae seniores๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒLucilius and Satire in Second-Century BC Rome๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šตDe rerum natura๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒsuave mari
magno ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎šถ๎˜3๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘5๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
reductio ad absurdum ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™›๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhomoeomeria ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜จ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜
๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒLucretius on
Atomic Motion: A Commentary on De rerum natura 2.1โ€“332๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ De rerum natura๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎šฑ๎˜›๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ RhMPh ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜
๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ De rerum natura๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎šฑ๎˜›๎˜๎šดMnemosyne ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ต๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎Ÿน๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒRhMPh ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎šซ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ inter alia๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ vates๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ Rerum Natura๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒindignatio๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒreligio๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎šซ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒDe Rerum Natura ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹non quia
vexari quemquamst iucunda voluptas, sed quibus ipse malis careas quia cernere
suave est, ๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒtopoi๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒLucretius on Atomic Motion๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šซ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ต๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎Ÿน๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ego๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎šซ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜พDRN๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎šซ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎™–๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒDe Rerum Natura ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณDe Rerum Natura ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™„๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcivitas ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ego๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎›€๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒspoudaiogeloion๎˜‘
๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒmiserandum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒaerumnabile๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ท๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDe Rerum Natura๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜๎˜ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDRN๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏ผ๏Ž„๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‡
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™‘
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜
๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ Lโ€™origine della violenza e della paura. Commento a
Lucrezio, ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„ 5, 1105-1349๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜•2๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒKulturgeschichte๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒIntroduzione ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒBreve storia del testo del๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒNota al testo
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒBibliogra๎šฟa๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถIntroduzione๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒeClassica๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒQuale idea di progresso nel๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒPaura,
guerra e con๎›€itto interiore nel๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒingenio qui praestabant et corde uigebant๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒcorde uigebant
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ praestabant๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒuigebant ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹OLD๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎˜‘๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ uigeo๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ corde ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ animus๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ ad ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ condere coeperunt urbis arcemque locare ๎˜’๎˜ƒ praesidium reges ipsi sibi
perfugiumque๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ sibi ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ condere ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ช๎šช๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถordo uerborum ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒpraesidium ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒperfugium๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜”๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒquandoquidem sapiunt alieno ex ore petuntque๎˜๎˜ƒquandoquidem๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒinde magistratum partim docuere creare ๎˜’๎˜ƒiuraque constituere๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ constituere๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒdocuere, ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcreare๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒetsi fallit enim
diuom genus humanumque, ๎˜’๎˜ƒperpetuo tamen id fore clam di๎ฟฝdere debet๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™บ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒdebet ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒfallit๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒcommunia foedera pacis ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜พscil๎˜‘๎˜ƒquae causa๎™€๎˜ƒsuscipiendaque
curarit sollemnia sacra๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆยป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒcuro ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒut sibi tela parent๎˜ƒsiluasque
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
ut caedere possint๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ut ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ut ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ช๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒet๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎šช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒdarent ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpossent๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜que๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒKritischer
Kommentar zu Lukrezens ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒuoluenda aetas๎˜ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒuoluenda๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ quae uoluitur ๎™ˆ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Sintassi normativa della lingua latina๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–3๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒinque dies magis adpetitur ๎›€oretque repertum ๎˜’๎˜ƒlaudibus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ช๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒrepertum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
repletum ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ ๎™’๎˜ƒrefertum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Premessa๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹metus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒhorror๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒtimor๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ formido๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
uelatum ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpandere palmas ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Kritischer Kommentar๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ ad loc๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
hi ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹in๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒhinc๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎š๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒrec๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒhi๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒhi ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒepist๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹nunc quae causa deum per magnas numina
gentis ๎˜’๎˜ƒperuulgarit๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹quae ... ๎›€orent ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒunde ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒest๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒqui ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒsuscitat ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
non ita di๎ฟฝcilest ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜™๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒfam๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ƒplura me scribere ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒnon
ita necesse arbitrabar๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒinst๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒnon ita di๎ฟฝcilis ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒquaestio๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒincipit ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜•๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹et simul in somnis quia multa et mira uidebant๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒquia ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒsimul๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒMath๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฎ๎˜Œ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜ฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒsedes et templa ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒpopuli gentesque ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLucrezio. Le parole e
le cose๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜3๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ magni
caelestia mundi ๎˜’ templa ๎˜‹๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎˜ค๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™‰๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ Stilistica latina๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ uoluenda aetas commutat
tempora๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„ยป๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒAen๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹argenti pondus
et auri๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒsat๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Due nuovi frammenti di Ennio๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒFilologia e linguistica๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒterra ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ช๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒterras ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎›€oreo๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ
factis ๎›€orentibus esse ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒLucretius, De rerum natura Book
III๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒhinc laetas urbes
pueris ๎›€orere uidemus ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒgemmis ๎›€orere arbusta๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒahenae๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒSat๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎˜ƒaenaeยป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜h๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒLโ€™alfabeto e la pronunzia
del latino๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•5๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ahenus๎˜๎˜ƒ aheneus๎˜๎˜ƒ aenus๎˜๎˜ƒ
aeneus๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒThlL๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒO๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒathaenae๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒathenae๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒQ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ
athene๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™•๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜t๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ere ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ metus ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šช๎˜ƒmetuo๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒmaeror๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒconcessumst ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒrepertumst
๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒin ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šฉiaciebant๎˜petebant๎˜
deripiebant๎˜dabant๎˜iacatbant๎˜ƒ๎˜พsic๎™€๎˜terebant๎˜hauribant๎šช๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹iactabant๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒminitor๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒdi๎ฟผugiunt ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒdis๎˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒde๎˜๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜”๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’2๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๏พ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚
๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„
๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜–๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™’๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒinter ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒiter๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒres nouas
moliri๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šฉartista๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒarista๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šฉarma nectimus arma noua๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒarmis nectimus๎˜ƒarma๎˜ƒnoua
๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒsyntactical ๎˜‹๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒpholosophus
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒphilosophus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ Tra Gallia e Italia sulle tracce di Catullo. Echi del
Veronese nella poesia del VI secolo๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒPaideia๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜๎˜”
๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜พ๎™„๎™€๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘๎šด2๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฌ๎˜ท๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ต๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ถ๎˜ช๎˜ต๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ต๎˜ผ๎˜ฆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜—๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒFrom the Protohistory
to the History of the Text๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ What Catullus Wrote: Problems in Textual
Criticism, Editing and the Manuscript Tradition๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜๎™›๎™›๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒA Companion to Catullus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‰๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™—๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜‘3๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒIndex locorum ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpoetae novi ๎˜‹Orat. ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ad Att.
๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™š๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™„๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Codex Thuaneus ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜š๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒPaideia ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒThe Fragmentary Latin Poets, ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒThuaneus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘5๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒThuaneus ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™ง๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Thuaneus ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒcarmen ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒThuaneus๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™„๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ CQ ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‘๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒThe
Cambridge Companion to Catullus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒIacopo Sannazaro in Francia. Scoperte di codici allโ€™inizio del XVI secolo๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒHermes ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™™๎˜‘
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณCuniculosae๎˜’Celtiberosae๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒMD ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒHistoriae ecclesiasticae Francorum
libri decem ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒcum nonnullae res gererentur vel rectae vel inprobae ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
vel recte vel inprobe๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒvel ditarentur a devotis vel nudarentur a per๎šฟdes ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒper๎šฟdis๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒad loc๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜พ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Ž๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™Ž๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‹๎™‘๎šด๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒCarm. ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒnec uisu facilis ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒnec facilis uisu๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜›๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜”๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
322
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™„๎™‹๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ De diluvio mundi๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ De
historiae spiritalis gestis๎˜๎˜”๎˜•
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’
๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ข
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™™๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ž
๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ Pelion immensas committit vertice
quercus๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒPeliaco quondam prognatae
vertice pinus๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™„๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜ƒ Nudati colles,
spoliatae robore silvae๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ƒDeseritur Cieros,
linquunt Pthiotica Tempe๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒrobur ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒindomitus turbo contorquens ๎›€amine robur๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒPelion immensas committat vertice quercus ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜™๎˜ƒNam velut in summo quatientem brachia Tauro ๎˜’๎˜ƒquercum. ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒAvit de Vienne: Histoire Spirituelle๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜น๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒLNGR๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒR๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒG ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™–๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒexplicat๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
GR ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒexplicet๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒcommittit G ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜at ๎˜ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒcum mittat๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒcum ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒinsuper exponit ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘
323
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ง๏Žœ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„
๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™…๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๏พ๏Ž…๏ฟ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๎˜๎˜ƒ Ciceros Rede โ€œPro L. Cornelio Balboโ€, Einleitung
und Kommentar๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ผ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šฑ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎šฑ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘2๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒPro Balbo ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘3๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒPost reditum in senatu๎˜๎˜ƒPost reditum
ad Quirites, De domo sua,๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒDe haruspicum responsis,๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒM. Tulli Ciceronis De
domo sua ad ponti๎šฟces oratio๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™Œ๎™›๎˜๎™›๎™›๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒPro Caelio ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒDe Domo Sua ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ. ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒCicero: Speech on behalf of Publius Sestius๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒCiceroโ€™s
โ€œDe Provinciis Consularibus Oratioโ€๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™š๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ Cicero: โ€œPost Reditumโ€ Speeches.
Introduction, Text, Translation, and Commentary๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ Cicero, โ€œDe haruspicum
responsisโ€: Introduction, Text, Translation, and Commentary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒCiceros Rede
โ€œCum senatui gratias egitโ€. Ein Kommentar๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘5
๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒPro Balbo๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒPro Archia๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™–๎šฑ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎šฑ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒPro Archia ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜๎™…๎™๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ Pro Balbo๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒfundus๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLex Gellia Cornelia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒperoratio๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒpostremo illud, iudices, ๎šฟxum in animis
vestris tenetote, vos in hac causa non de male๎šฟcio L. Corneli, sed de bene๎šฟcio Cn.
Pompei iudicaturos๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒauctoritas ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ De Lege Manilia ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‘๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ถ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒIndex rerum๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒPro L. Cornelio Balbo oratio ad iudices๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒM. Tulio Cicerรณn, Defensa de L. C. Balbo, introducciรณn, ediciรณn y comentario,๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹M. Tullio Cicerone, Orazione
โ€œPro L. Cornelio Balboโ€, con introduzione e commento๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒRhetoric in Ciceroโ€™s ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’, ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜‘
325
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒinfamia๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Balb. ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Balb. ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒqui erranti comiter monstrat
viam๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎šฑ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎šฑ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒilla in omni parte orationis summa arte aspergi videbatis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ad๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ
ut ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹docere๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹delectare๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹movere๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒinvidia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒcivis novus ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒhomo novus๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒPro
Balbo๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ cruces ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ท๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹recte procedere๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒAccusator ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒAmicus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒTAPA๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒPro Archia๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒingenium, exercitatio, ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒratio๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™—๎™’๏ต๎˜๎˜ƒ
Ciceroโ€™s Elegant Style: An Analysis of โ€œPro Archiaโ€, ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒPGEH๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ De haruspicum responsis
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒH ๎˜‹๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒhar. resp. ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒdivinitus๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒC.๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒconivebant๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
H๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ Pro Balbo๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒA ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ J ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ S ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒH๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ1.3๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcum ... cum ... tum, ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒad
loc. ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™‘๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ž๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ข๎˜ƒ1.4๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ3.19-
20๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹quae ... maior๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒde orat. ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒโ€œhaec
tibi est excidenda linguaโ€. ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
har. resp.๎˜Œ๎˜ข๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ9.71-2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๏ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹M. Tullius Cicero: Scripta quae
manserunt omnia, fasc. 24: Oratio de provinciis consularibus, Oratio pro L. Cornelio Balbo, ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒRhM ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒWackernagelโ€™s Law and the Placement of the Copula โ€œesseโ€ in Classical Latin๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜บ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
TA PA ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Colloquial and Literary Latin๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒhar. resp. ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒEpitaphios๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒFirst Philippic๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ18.162๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒsummi honores๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ถ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šด๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒCatil๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhonorem ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ19.164-5๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒitaque โ€ฆ idcirco ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ23.207-8๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒhostis ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ Gaditanus๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ 27.247๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒmagister๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒius omne nostrum ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒmutandae civitatis๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹iure enim nostro neque mutare civitatem quisquam invitus
potest neque...๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ32-3๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒSI QUID SACROSANCTUM
EST๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLex Gellia
Cornelia.๎˜ƒ32.315๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒsi quidem๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒsi
quid๎˜‘๎˜ƒ57.585-7๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹circuli๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎šถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒcirculatores ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ65.656๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒet ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒetiam๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™‰๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒet ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒsimul ๎˜‹ThLL๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒPro Balbo ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒsimul et illa๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒtum etiam illud cogitate๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒContio de haruspicum responsis๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒReading Republican Oratory:
Reconstructions, Contexts, Receptions๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒCiceros Nachahmung der attischen Redner, ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎šถ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒCA ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒStudien zur lateinischen Grammatik und Stilistik, ๎˜จ๎™•๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒsimul et illud ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒcogitare ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
dubitare๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒilla ... omnia ante oculos vestros proponite๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒpost
reditum๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏ป๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ฃ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜
๎˜ฏ๏พ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏ŽŽ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž†๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Ž๎˜๎˜ƒVirgil, ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡ 4: Text, Translation,
Commentary๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎˜Ž๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‡๎˜•๎˜›๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒAeneid ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMnemosyne Supplements๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒAeneid ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒAeneid ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ Aeneid ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Aeneid๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒAeneid๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒappendix critica ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ conspectus siglorum๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ M6 ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒBiblioteca Medicea Laurenziana๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ cerva ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ Aen๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ Aen. ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒhis dictis incensum animum in๎›€ammavit amore ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎›€๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒQUCC ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒhis dictis๎˜ƒ
impenso animum ๎›€ammavit amore๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎™…๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎›€๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜—๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒimpenso ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
ad loc. ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šฒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šฒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒloci similes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹locorum๎˜๎˜ƒnominum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒrerum๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒmagicae artes ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒAen. ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎˜๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ Aen.
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒvarium et mutabile semper ๎˜’ femina๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎ š๎œณ๎ ซ๎ ž๎ ˜๎ ๎œฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒad loc.๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒAeneid๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๏พ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž‚
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™
๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜ฃ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎™„๎™†๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Ž
๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏Žฏ๏ŽŒ๏Ž…๏พ๎˜๎˜ƒOvids Enzyklopรคdie der Liebe. Formen des Eros, Reihenfolge
der Liebesgeschichten, Geschichtsphilosophie und metapoetische Dichtung in
den โ€šMetamorphosenโ€˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹BMCRev๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„ยป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
GCFI๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Metamorfosi๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒร‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Metamorfosi๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฉ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ovid as an Epic Poet๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜“2๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒNarciso e Pigmalione. Illusione e spettacolo nelle โ€œMetamorfosiโ€ di Ovidio๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ข๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹CR๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒreductio ad unum๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒTristia๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒMaia ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒMetamorphoses๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒCQ๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Ovid. A Poet between Two Worlds๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
332
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™˜๎š‰๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™‡๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒMetamorphosen๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Ž๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Metamorfosi๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๏Ž‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎šช๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™‡๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ Metamorphosen๎˜ข๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒter quinque๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
Tristia๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‰๎™ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ Metamorphosen๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™š๎™˜๎š‰๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎š๎™†๎™Žยป๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถOrestea๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šช๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜บ๎™„๎™‹๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒdemonstrandum๎˜‘
333
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒmutatis mutandis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™ฌ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šฉ๎˜ถ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™š๎™’๎™‹๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒibidem๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉDauer๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎šช๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™Š๎™•๎š๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎šช๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‰๎™Ž๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹ยป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒambiguum Clymene precibus Phaethontis an ira / mota magis
dicti sibi criminis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒambiguum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™š๎™˜๎š‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ฌ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™—๎™ฌ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡ยป๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎™—๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜’๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹TAPhA๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™Ž๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒCity in Love. The New York Metamorphoses๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ผ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ฌ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™‰๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
After Ovid. New Metamorphoses๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEneide๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
335
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’ยป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒAeneis๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎š๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๏ต๎™—๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorphosen๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘ยป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž‡๏ผ๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž‚
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜”๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏บ๏Ž‰๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‰๏บ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ The Grotesque in Roman Love Elegy๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎š…๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜
๎˜š๎˜–๎˜›๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
puella๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ amator๎šถ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎™’๎™๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎šด๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒDomus Aurea๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Ž๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎šฒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎šฒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
simulacra๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒsimulacra๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ puella๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpuella๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹pestis๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpuella๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒlena๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ umbra๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpuella๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™„๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎šฒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒamator๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎šฒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpuella๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒAmores๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒAm๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒvitium๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒThe Female Grotesque: Risk, Excess, and Modernity๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Remedia๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒAmores๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™›๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Am๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ข๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ต๎™’๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฟ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒlena๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpuella๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒlena๎˜cum-saga๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ amator๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒSatires๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒEpodes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒArs Amatoria๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒRemedia๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒArs
Amatoria๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒRemedia๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒRemedia๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpraeceptor๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Rem๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒGenres and Readers: Lucretius, Love Elegy, and Plinyโ€™s Encyclopedia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž‹๏ฝ๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž‹
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„
๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™‹๎˜ฃ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™›๎˜‘๎™–๎™†๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜
๎˜ฉ๏บ๏ป๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๏ŽŽ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏พ๎˜๎˜ƒ Healing grief: a commentary on Senecaโ€™s ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎˜Ž๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ Consolatio ad Marciam๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒcorpus,๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™š๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ๏บ๏ฝ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcursus honorum๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Consolatio ad Marciam๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ๎ ฃ๎ ™๎ “๎œฎ๎˜’consolatio ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™š๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒAd Marciam ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šซ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒexempla๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpraecepta๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
consolationes. ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒqua๎˜ƒpro๎šฟciens ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpraecepta๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๏ป๏ผ๏พ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒecphrasis ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒprosopopoeia ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒnatura๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒprosopopoeia, ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™’๎™๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒcomparanda๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒAd
Marciam ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ On Senecaโ€™s Ad Marciam, ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒConsolatio ad Helviam ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒConsolatio
ad Polybium.
๎˜ฆ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‰๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏บ๏ผ๏Ž๏Ž’
๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ฃ๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜
๎˜ธ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๏ŽŽ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏ŽŸ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ƒPhaedrus. Ein Interpretationskommentar zum zweiten und
dritten Buch der Fabeln๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šผ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜™๎˜™๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒPhaedrus. Ein Interpretationskommentar zum
ersten Buch der Fabeln๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒPhaedrus. Ein Interpretationskommentar zum vierten
und fรผnften Buch der Fabeln๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜„
๎˜ค๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎˜”๎™ ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎˜•๎™ ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎™ ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎™ž๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™ž๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ฌ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™…๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™๎˜‘๎šด
๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šด
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜‹๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒAugustana, ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒRomulus๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Ž๎™˜๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Ž๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™Ž๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™Ž๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™š๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ Phaedri Aug. Liberti Fabularum
Aesopiarum Libri V Post Pithoeum, Rittershusium, Schoppium, Regaltium denuo
recensuit & Animadversiones addidit, ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒAesopi
ingenio statuam posuere Attici. Author image in Phaedrusโ€™ fables๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ Vt pictura poeta. Author image and the reading of
ancient literature๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹im Druck๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒPhaedo๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Ž๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘ Interpretationskommentar๎˜ž ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒInterpretationskommentare.
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ช๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๎˜๎˜ญ๏บ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Ž‚๏Žƒ๏Ž„
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Ž๎˜ฃ๎™‹๎™’๎™—๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ Anonymus Londiniensis.๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘ Editio altera๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Ž๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ Anonymus
Londiniensis๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘2๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒeditio altera๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜3๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™…๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜5๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ conspectus siglorum๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒLโ€™Anonyme de Londres. P.Lit.Lond. 165, Brit.Libr.
inv. 137. Un papyrus mรฉdical grec du Ier siรจcle aprรจs J.-C.๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๏Ž‘๎˜๏ผ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž‚๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
ZPE๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒGreek Medical Papyri: Text, Context, Hypertext๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒAnonymus Londiniensis. De medicina๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒSupplementum Aristotelicum๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒLโ€™Anonyme de Londres (P.Lit.Lond. 165, Brit.Libr. inv. 137)๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒAnonyme๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒkoinon๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎ €๎ ž๎˜พ๎ “๎œฏ๎™€๎ š๎˜พ๎  ๎ป‚๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ €๎ ž๎ “๎ช•๎œฏ๎ช•๎ š๎ช•๎  ๎ช•๎ป‚๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ €๎ ž๎˜พ๎ “๎™€
๎œฏ๎ช•๎ š๎ช•๎˜พ๎  ๎ป‚๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎  ๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ขŒ๎  ๎ –๎œฐ๎ ž๎ ž๏‚ผ๎ป‚๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๏€•๎ขŒ๎  ๎ –๎œฐ๎ ž๎ ž๎ป‚๎ป‚๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ vel๎˜ƒ ๏€•๎ขŒ๎  ๎ –๎œฐ๎ ž๎ ž๎œฐ๎ป‚๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎˜พ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™€๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
sigma๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ epsilon๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™€๎ ฅ๎ ฃ๎ ค๎˜‹๎˜ƒ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎ ฅ๎ ฃ๎ ค๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎ ฅ๎ ฃ๎ ค๎˜‹๎ ก๎ ฉ๎ ž๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ ฅ๎ ฃ๎ ค๎˜พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜พ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™€๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒchi๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๏€ฅ๎ป‚๎œฒ๎ š๎ ž๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎˜พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š‚๎œฎ๎ ฃ๎œฒ๎ –๎ช•๎ ž๎ช•๎œฐ๎ช•๎ š๎š‚๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒgamma๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒomikron๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎œฎ๎ ฃ๎œฒ๎  ๎ ž๎œฐ๎ š๎˜ƒvel๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ ˜๎ –๎ ž๎œฐ๎ š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎œฎ๎ช•๎ ฃ๎ช•๎œฒ๎ช•๎  ๎ช•๎ ž๎ช•๎œฐ๎ช•๎ š๎ช•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎œฎ๏๎œฒ๎  ๎ žโŸจ๎  โŸฉ๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎ ž๎œฐ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™›๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™…๎™๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Ž๎˜’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜’๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™›๎˜ข๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™‚๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎™‚๎™‰๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎ ๎ ฅ๎ ฃ๎ ค๎ ฉ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ก๎œฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ ๎ ‘๎ œ๎œฐ๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒny๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒZPE ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎  ๎ช•๎ ฃ๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎ •๎ช•๎œฏ๎ช•๎œฐ๎ œ๎ œ๎ ’๎ช•๎  ๎ ฃ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎ •๎œฏ๎œฐ๎ œ๎ œ๎ “๎  ๎ ฃ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ •๎ช•๎œฏ๎ช•๎œฐ๎ œ๎ œ๎ ฃ๎ช•๎  ๎ ฃ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹ ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒtriobolon๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒtetrobolon๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ ก๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎ ก๎ช•๎ ฃ๎ช•๎˜พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎ช•๎ ก๎ช•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎ช•๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎ ค๎ช•๎ ก๎ช•๏ƒต๎ช•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹diobolon๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Anonymus๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถAnonimo Londinese๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒGalenos๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ Digital Papyrology II.
Case Studies on the Digital Edition of Ancient Greek Papyri๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒGreek Medical Papyri: Text, Context,
Hypertext๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ “๎ ž๎ ˜๎ป‚๎ š๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฐ๎ š๎ ž๎ ˜๎ป‚๎ š๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎œฎ๎œฒ๎ ๎ ก๎ ก๎  ๎ ฃ๎ป‚๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๎ ™๎œฎ๎ ก๎ ก๎  ๎ ฃ๎ป‚๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎ป‚๎ ช๎ –๎ ค๎ ฃ๎ป‚๎ š๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎ป‚๎ ฃ๎ ž๎ ค๎ ฃ๎ป‚๎ š๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๏€•๎ขŒ๎  ๎ –๎œฐ๎ ž๎ ž๏‚ผ๎ป‚๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒparagraphoi๎˜๎˜ƒdiplai obelismenai๎˜๎˜ƒ
ektheseis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒvacat๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ
๏€ฅ๎ ๎ช•๎ ๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ž๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒmy๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒny๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ž๎ช•๎ ๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ž๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎šณl. ๏€ฅ๎ ๎ ๎œฐ๏ƒ™๎ ž๎œฎ๎ ž๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎ป‚๎ ฃ๎ ž๎ “๎ป‚โŸจ๎œฒโŸฉ๎œฎ๎™Ÿ๎˜พ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๎™€๏ฟ๎ช•๎˜ƒโŸจ๎œฒ๏นโŸฉ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฒ๎ œ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ ›๎  ๎ œ๎  ๎ ช๎ ™๎ ˜๎ ๎œฎ๎™ž๎ š๎™ ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎  ๎ช•๏ข๎œฒ๎ ฆ๎™ž๎ š๎™ ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎œฎ๏๎œฒ๏‚๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎œฒ๎  ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎œฎโŸจ๏โŸฉ๎œฒ๏‚๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๏€ฅ๎ ž๎˜ƒ ๎œฒ๎  ๏ƒ™๎ป‚๎˜ƒ ๎ป‚๎ ซ๎ ๎œฎ๎ป‚๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎œฐ๎ ž๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎ป‚๎ป‚๎ ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎ —๎ ฆ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ›๎ ˜๎ป‚๎˜๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒโŸฆ๎ —๎ ฆ๎œฒ๎ š๎ ›๏ƒ‹๎ ขโŸง๎˜ƒ๏€ฅ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๏ƒ™๎ป‚๎˜ƒ๎ป‚๎ ซ๎ ๎œฎ๎ป‚๎ š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎œณ๎œฎ๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ป‚๎ “๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
โŸฆ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ ก๎  ๎ ฃโŸง๎˜ฟ๎œณ๎œฎ๎ ž๎œฒ๎œฎ๎˜’๎ป‚๎ š๎œฎ๎ ž๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ ก๏น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎˜ฟ๎ ก๎œฎ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ š๏น๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎ขŒ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎™„๎˜๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎œฒ๏ƒต๎ š๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œฏ๏ป๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏‰๎œฎ๎œฒ๎ ก๎ š๎ ›๎ ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDe medicina๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž€๏Ž€๏Ž‚๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎™„๎˜๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒต๎ š๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎œฏ๏ป๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒLโ€™anonyme de Londres. P.Lit.Lond.
165, Brit.Libr. inv. 137. Un papyrus mรฉdical grec du Ier siรจcle aprรจs J.-C.๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ฎ๏พ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ƒ La Renaissance de Tacite. Commenter les ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™– et les
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™– au XVIe siรจcle๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ซ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜—๎˜™๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒHistorias๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒAnales๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™ด๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜“๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ท๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Anales๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒAnales๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
Polรญtica๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™’2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒHistorias๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒAnales๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
la Germanรญa๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•3๎šฒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ5๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒEl
Tacitismo en el siglo XVII en Espaรฑa. El proceso de๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒPoliticorum sive Civilis doctrinae libri sex, qui ad Principatum maxime spectant๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒAnnales๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒAnabases๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒIn Cornelium
Tacitum annotationes๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Andrรฉ Alciat (1492-1550), un humaniste au con๎›€uent des savoirs dans lโ€™Europe de la Renaissance๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIn Cornelium Tacitum annotationes๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒOpera omnia๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Thesaurus๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Castigationes๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒAnnotatiunculae in Cornelii Taciti Annalium libros๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒIn Cornelii Taciti Annalium libros XVI qui extant, Vincenti Lupani annotationes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜‹๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹commentarii๎˜๎˜ƒannotationes๎˜๎˜ƒnotae๎˜๎˜ƒobservationes๎šซ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹P. Cornelii Taciti libri
quinque noviter inventi atque cum reliquis eius operibus editi)๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒAnales ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒAnales๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒAd P. Cornelii Taciti Annalium et Historiarum libros, Notae๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒAnnalium P. Cornelii Taciti ab excessu Augusti conciones, cum argumentis et annotationibus
Ioan. Ferrerrii Pedemontani๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™ท๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒTacite
et le tacitisme en Europe ร  lโ€™รฉpoque moderne๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™พ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒTรกcito leรญdo. Prรกcticas lectoras y fundamentos intelectuales de la recepciรณn de
Tรกcito๎˜ƒen la Edad Moderna๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ท๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜—๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎šข๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹emendatio๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ textus receptus๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ vulgatus๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ด๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šซ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ด๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณsimilitudo temporum๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž‘๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž…๏พ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎™‰๎™•
๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž†๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒThe ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™– of Aulus Gellius: An Intermediate Reader
and Grammar Review๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™Ž๎™๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‡๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜š๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒThe Attic
Nights of Aulus Gellius. An Intermediate Reader and Grammar Review๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šฉBecause I have experienced all these problems, both as student and as a teacher,
I have tried to resolve them๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒNoches รticas๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉThe student is not expected
to memorize this list, though certainly by the end of the course she or he become
familiar with words favored by Aulus Gellius๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™›๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™›๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™…๎™๎™†๎™•๎˜‘๎™…๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฉThese translations
represent the original manuscript with no alterations other than replacing with
a Latin form Aulus Gelliusโ€™ occasional use of a Greek word๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™›๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹A. Gelli Noctes
Atticae๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
352
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒin terra Atticae๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒterra Atticae๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒhas๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒhasce๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒego
ipse๎˜๎˜ƒipse ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒinterualla nagotiorum๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒsemper negotirum interualla๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒiam mors๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒiam mihi mors๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒsit๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒfors sit๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒnisi๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒni๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒorator๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒrhetor๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒpollutus๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒpolluto๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒoratoribus๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
ferme oratoribus๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒnon solum๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒnon iam๎˜ƒ๎™Ÿ๎™Ÿ๎˜ƒsed๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒsed etiam๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒinuentus fuerat๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒfuerat๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒperfert. Venit๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒperuenit๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒrei peblicae๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒrei๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒdatos๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒdatus๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ Graecum dictum esse๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ Graecum, quod
adposui, dictum esse๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒcras tempori๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒcreas temperi๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒin eadem๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒin eandem๎˜‘
๎˜น๏Žง๏ผ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏Ž…
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„
๎™™๎™“๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ฏ๏บ๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๏บ๏Ž“๏Ž“๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ ๏พ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Žซ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž†๏Ž‰๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏ผ๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ Apuleio,
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™Œ.๎˜ƒVolume II (Libri IV-VI)๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Ž๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ถ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜
๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
353
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™†๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ constitutio textus๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒconstitutio ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ƒ ๎œณ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ธ๎˜จ๎˜ถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™„๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถusus scribendi๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎œฑ๎œฎ๎œณ๎ ˜๎ ž๎ “๎ —๎œฐ๎ š๎ ž๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜
๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ
comminiscimur๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒcomminiscimus๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถusus๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ prospectu absconditus๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
protectus absconditus๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒet iam๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒetiam๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒnudato corio๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒnudatum corium๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ž ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜” somnio๎˜ƒ๎˜พmihi๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒvela๎˜ƒ
๎˜Ÿla>xatum iri๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ vel axatum iri๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒinepta ego๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿquae๎˜ก๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ so๎˜Ÿla>ciis๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ sociis๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ opibus๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ช๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
cruces๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒlocus uexatus๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒfons๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒmons๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ โ€œVidesne illud nemus, quod ๎›€uuio praeter๎›€uenti ripisque longis
attenditur, 5 cuius imi gurgites uicinum montem despiciunt? Oues ibi nitentes,
aureo uellere ๎›€orentes incustodito pastu uaganturโ€.
๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒimi gurgites uicinum montem despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹imi
gurgites uicino monte desiliunt๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒimi gurgites uicinum fontem despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒinuii
frutices๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿubi๎˜ก๎˜ƒ uicinum fontem despiciunt๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ imi gurgites uicinum
fontem recipiunt๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒimi frutices uicinum fontem despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿubi๎˜ก๎˜ƒinuii frutices uicinum fontem despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒimi๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿrami๎˜ก๎˜ƒ
gurgites๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿet๎˜ก๎˜ƒuicinum fontem despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒubi frutices๎˜ƒuicinum fontem
despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒattenditur๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ exempli gratia๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒcuius imi frutices uicinum fontem despiciunt๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒfrutices๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒgurgites๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎˜ƒgurgites๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ช๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒfontem๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒmontem๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒrequiem malorum praecipitio ๎›€uuialis rupis habitura๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcuius imi gurgites uicinum
montem despiciunt๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒdespicere๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒspeculum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒapol๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
355
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
lectio falsa๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒemendatio๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™„๎™๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
constitutio๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒin๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿodori๎˜ก๎˜ƒmodum ๎›€oris๎˜ƒ๎˜พinodori๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒin
modum ๎›€oris odoris๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎˜พsed dum๎™€๎˜ƒsedulo๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎˜พeum๎™€๎˜ƒ saeuum๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ƒ gaudii๎˜ƒsui๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿut ipse habebat๎˜ก๎˜ƒ ๎™Šerulis decem
aureos๎˜ƒ๎˜พut ipse habebat๎™€๎˜ƒe suis๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒgaudii๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿut ipse habebat๎˜ก๎˜ƒ
sui gerulis๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ŸEt๎˜ก๎˜ƒstatim ipsum quod
incipit uelle๎˜ƒ๎˜พet statim๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜™ mortis accersi๎˜พto๎™€tae genere๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
mortis accersito te genere๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜ aureo uellere๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒauri uecole๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ
aurieouele๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹aurique colore๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ƒIamque nauiter emensis celsioribus iugis puluinaribus sese proximam
intulit.๎˜ƒ๎˜ŸEt spicas hordei๎˜ก๎˜ƒuidet, spicas frumentarias in aceruo et alias ๎›€exiles in
corona๎˜ƒ๎˜พet spicas hordei uidet๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿet spicas๎˜ƒhordei๎˜ก๎˜ƒuidet...๎˜ƒ๎˜พet spicas hordei uidet๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹et spicas๎˜ƒ
hordei๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒuidet๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒuidetโ€ฆ uidet et spicas hordei๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
uidetโ€ฆ et spicas hordei uirides๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ uidetโ€ฆ ๎˜Ÿuid>et spicas hordei๎˜ƒ๎˜พuidet๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒuidetโ€ฆ et spicas hordei๎˜ƒ๎˜พuidet๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒuidetโ€ฆ uidet๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒuidet2๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒet spicas hordei๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒuidet๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒincipit๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒet๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒEt prospecto templo quodamโ€ฆ aitโ€ฆ Et ilico dirigit citatum gradum๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒuidet๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒsaut du mรชme au mรชme๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒuidet spicas hordei, uidet spicas
frumentarias๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™…๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜et ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒet๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎›Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcruces๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜” Ea nocte ad suam Psychen sic in๎šฟt maritus โ€“ namque praeter oculos et
manibus et auribus ๎˜พIus๎™€ nihil๎˜ƒ<non> sentiebatur.
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜พIus๎™€๎˜ƒnihil๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿnon๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ius๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒHS๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒHic Supple๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒINS๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒInsere๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒIus nichil๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒIus๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒis๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒille๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒhis nihil๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹hd nihil๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒhic
deest nihil๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒis nihil๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿnon๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿut praesent>ius nihil๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒeius nihil๎˜ƒ
๎˜Ÿnon๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒis nihilo ๎˜Ÿsetius๎˜ก๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿfacil>ius nihil๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿsequ>ius nihil๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒPraefatio๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒFlorida๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒius ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒhd๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒhic deest๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒnihil๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒHS๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒHic Supple๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒINS๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒInsere๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒPhil๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒnon๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒHS nichil๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒINS nichil๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒIus nichil๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒIus๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒnihil๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒnon๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™‡๎™š๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒrecta lectio๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ uaria๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ falsa๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™บ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’. ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™…๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒrecta lectio ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒuaria๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒconstitutio๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ช๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒresisteret iubetโ€ฆ๎˜ƒ๎˜พire
iubet๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ire iubet๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™› resisteret iubet๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒprorsus
๎˜พadhibendum est๎™€๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒprorsus adhibenda est๎˜ƒ๎˜‹adhibendum est๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒpror-
sus adhibendum est๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎š๎™—๎™๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒire iubet๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜
๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒadhibendum est๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒadhibenda est๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒprorsus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒire๎˜ƒiubet๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒprorsus
adhibendum est๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒiubet๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒprorsusโ€ฆ est๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎šฟ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒusus๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎˜
๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜
๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒtriplici๎˜’tricipiti๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒspeculandum๎˜’spectandum๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒserio๎˜’sedu-
lo๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒconfarte๎˜’confestim๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒmiratur๎˜’rimatur๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜ƒcogentia๎˜’conhibentia๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒpaenituit๎˜’penuit๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒcolores๎˜’concolores๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒaululae๎˜’tabulae๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜ƒ
pietatis๎˜’e๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒacutulae๎˜’astutulae๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒdelphinum๎˜’no๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMetamorfosi๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒuariae lectiones๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎˜
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„ turris praealta ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒInibi spiraculum Ditis et per portas hiantes monstratur iter inuium,
cui te limine transmeato simul commiseris, iam canale directo perges ad ipsam
Orci regiamโ€ฆ ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ Nec mora, cum ad ๎›€umen mortuum uenies, cui praefectus
Charon protinus expetens portorium sic ad ripam ulteriorem sutili cumba deducit
commeantes. ๎˜™๎˜ƒErgo et inter mortuos auaritia uiuit, nec Charon ille ๎˜พditis et pater๎™€
tantus deus quicquam gratuito facit: set moriens pauper uiaticum debet quaerere,
et aes si forte prae manu non fuerit, nemo eum expirare patietur.
๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒditis et pater๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒditis et per๎˜Œ๎˜
nec Ditis pater๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒet Ditis pater ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒDitis portitor ๎˜ช๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿuel๎˜ก๎˜ƒ
Ditis ๎˜พet๎™€ pater ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ditis ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿnauita๎˜ก๎˜ƒDitis et portitor
๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒDitis exactor ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒDitis ut pater ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒDitis
satelles ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒDitis sectator๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜
๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎˜
๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒditis et pater ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ ditis et
per๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒditis et pater ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎š†๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒpater๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒper๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒditis et๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒrecta๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒfalsa lectio๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Ž๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcruces๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒClamore ludunt, strepitu cantilant, conuiciis iocantur, ac iam cetera se-
miferis Lapithis๎˜ƒ๎˜พtebcinibus๎™€๎˜ƒCentaurisque similia๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ tebcinibus๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎œณ๎˜๎˜ƒ te lamibus๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ thebanis๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
Centaurisque ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒsemihominibus๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒmet๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒtebcinibus๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒthebanis conatibus๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒtebcinibus๎˜ƒcentauris๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒthebanis
centauris๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™š๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒtelamonibus๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒthebanis๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒeuantibus๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒtebcinibus๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹cenantibus๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜๎˜ƒtitubantibus๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒsemiferis Lapitheis conuiuiis Centaureisque๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎š‚semiferisโ€ฆ Centaurisque๎š‚๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒtebcinibus๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒthebanis conatibus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถemendatio๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
scriptio๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏Ž‰๏Ž‰๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž€๏Ž‡๏บ๏Ž…๏ฝ๏Ž‚
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏พ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž๏ŽŒ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ Alexander of Aphrodisias. Commentary on Aristotle
๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™– (Books Iโ€“III). Critical edition with Introduction and Notes๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜’๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๏ผ๏Ž…๏Ž‘๎˜Ž๎˜–๎˜“๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜–๎˜•๎˜—๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎Ÿน๎˜๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎Ÿบ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒMรฉtaphysique๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒCommentaria in Aristotelem Graeca๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒMรฉtaphysique๎˜” ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎šถ๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ Lโ€™unitรฉ de la mรฉtaphysique selon Alexandre
dโ€™Aphrodise๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎Ÿบ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎œซ๎˜๎ ƒ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎šถin
De anima๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒQuรฆstiones๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ™๎œฐ๎ ฆ๎ ก๎ “๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎ ž๎  ๏ƒจ๎ ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎ œ๎ ‘๎ Ÿ๎ š๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ป๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™รฉ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜”๎˜’๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎š‚๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜™๎˜’๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ซ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒope ingenii๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๏Ž…๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๏Ž๎˜๏Ž…๏Ž‘๏Ž‘๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ฒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎  ๏๎œฑ๎ “๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒessence๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒsubstance๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ –๎ ‘๎ ž๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒkind๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒgenus๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎˜๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒrecensio
altera๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฅ๎™“๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒstemma codicum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™— ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™พ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™พ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒrecensio altera๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒrecensio altera๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™’๎™“๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฏ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒindices nominum๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒlocorum๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฌ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎Ÿป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ผ๎˜๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž’
๎˜ฉ๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ฉ๎˜ฑ๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™Š๎™ˆ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎˜๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ช๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™…๎™ˆ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏พ๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ M. Plotii Sacerdotis Artium grammaticarum libri I-II.
[Probi] ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘ Introduzione e edizione critica sinottica,๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™†๎™๎™›๎™›๎™Œ๎™™๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏พ๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ M. Plotii Sacerdotis Artium grammaticarum libri I-II.
[Probi] ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘ Commento e indici๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒArs grammatica๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‰๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎™–๎™…๎™„๎˜‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜–๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜–๎˜“๎˜š๎˜’๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›๎˜•๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ผ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒArtes๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒArs grammatica๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹De metris๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒNeap. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒin medias res๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒSchulgrammatik๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒFuentes para una ediciรณn de los gramรกticos
latinos fragmentarios (de Tiberio al cambio de siglo)๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ง๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ฑ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟn. metr.๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณFin. metr.๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™“๎™‹๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™“๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎šด๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒArtes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒuitia et uirtutes orationis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎šฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Catholica Probi๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ Neap.
Lat.๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’ B๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ N๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Catholica๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™น๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒArtes๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
Artes ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ฉ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒhoc tamen scire debemus
quod๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒNeap. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPar. Lat. ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒp๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒex silentio๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ Par. Lat. ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎™…๎™‘๎™‰๎˜‘๎™‰๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜’๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜’๎™†๎™†๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜–๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPar. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPar. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ด๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ Neap. Lat.๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
Neap. Lat.๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒeditio princeps๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒeditio princeps๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒNeap. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒNeap.
Lat. ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒNeap. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒNeap. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe catholicis๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒAnalecta grammatica
maximam partem anecdota๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ exempla auctorum๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎›€๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ loci similes๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒloci similes๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Annales๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™œ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
taratantara๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒtarantara๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ con๎šฟrmationibus๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ conformationibus๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒdum๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
cum๎˜๎˜ƒhac๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒhanc๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒadpropinquere๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒadpropinquare๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ de barbarismis et metaplasmis๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒNeap. Lat. ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒCatholica๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™€๎˜ƒrevera B, ut e coniectura Ke., ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒVi.
ut traditum๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒVi ut traditum๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒiam Parrh. in P๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šข๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™พ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ p1๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ B๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ N๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ in n๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ Parrh.๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒiconam๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒinfer<t>,๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™€๎˜ƒrevera B, ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒcorr.
ex ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘ Vi. et sic Ke.๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ B๎˜๎˜ƒ corr. Vi. (qui
legit๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒmale) sed iam P๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒrepperiri๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒpepperiri ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šณcorr. Vi.๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒVi. Ke.๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎›€๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒicon๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒiconam๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณinfer๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜๎˜ƒcorr. Vi.๎˜ƒ(sed iam P)๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™€๎˜ƒ
corr. Ke., sed revera B, ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ legerunt male ๎˜น๎™Œ๎˜‘๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
praeposterum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcorr๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒVi.๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ incendatur๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ intendatur๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™€๎˜ƒB Vi., ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒKe.๎šด๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒKe.๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe๎˜ƒcatholicis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ prima<e> verbi persona<e>๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎นฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™ˆ๎™€๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒN, edd. ut e codice edd. sed corr. ฯ‚ (iam Parrh.,
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„ ๎ ขp ex g)๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒN ๎ ขp (ex g), corr.
Parrh.๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒParrh.๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒemendationes๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒNeap. Lat.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
editio princeps๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe Catholicis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ Thuria๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ Ke.๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒB
๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒN๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹De catholicis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒTuria๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒp๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒapp. ad loc.๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
supra lineam๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒN1๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒThuria๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒThuria๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒThuria๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒKe. ducente p๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šข๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒp Ke.๎šด๎˜ข๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒCatholica Probi๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜
๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒn๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒN๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒg๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹lactis๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒlactis๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒg๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒN๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜™๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ lactis๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
a๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ<e> contrario ๎šฟt๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒdubitanter๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcontrario๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒรฉl๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒquae๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณvidetur abundare๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒrestitui๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒrestituit๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒsuppleuit๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ
scribo๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒprimo libro๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒlibro primo๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒhoc๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcornu, ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒablativus singularis genere๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒablativus in genere๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ (๎™‹๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒdel. B1) ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’
B๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒcalchante tumultu ministro๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒtumultu๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Aen.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒdonec Calchante ministro๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒmagno Calchanta๎˜ƒtumultu๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜™๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ.๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒtumultu๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‹๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ humulta๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒhu๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹P๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ tumultu๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
l๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒArs grammatica๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒCatholica Probi๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™น๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏ผ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žฃ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏Ž…๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏Žˆ
๎™๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ฃ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎™๎™†๎™œ๎™๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž†๏พ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Žฌ๏Ž†๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž’๏บ๎˜๎˜ƒ Oribasio latino, Synopsis VII:
Estudio introductorio y ediciรณn crรญtica, ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™›๎™›๎˜Ž๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜
๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒSynopsis ad Eustathium๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Euporista ad Eunapium๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒMedica Graecolatina๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒSynopsis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒindex verborum๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎š๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒGynaecia๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜”๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEclogae medicamentorum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹sic๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒCollectiones๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜™๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEclogae medicamentorum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎™€๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏บ๎ œ๎ ˜๎ ข๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๏บ๎ œ๎ ˜๎ ข๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒsyn๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹aut certe
si tolerare possunt proritum, ut non tangant se, pausare enim solet proritus per
haec๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ pausare enim๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒsyn๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒimplลซ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎š๎™•๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ implunt๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ app. crit๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒimplastrum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎ –๎ œ๎  ๎ š๏‚‚๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒDGE๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎˜๎˜’๎˜’
๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™–๎˜‘๎™†๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜’๎™›๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜ก๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒapp. crit๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒnouissime๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹syn.๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒet post haec nouissime
diaforiticis emplastris uteris๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎  ๎ ž๏‚€๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ ›๎œฒ๏ƒ‹๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ด๎™„๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ ž๏ผ๎  ๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎ ๎œฐ๎œฒ๏น๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎œฎ๏ƒจ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฎ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒ‹๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎  ๎ ž๏‚€๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฎ๎ ›๎œฒ๏ƒ‹๎ ข๎˜๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๏‡๎ ™๎šถ๎˜ƒ๏ข๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎œฏ๎ š๎œฎ๎œณ๎  ๎ ก๎ ˜๎œฒ๎ š๎ ›๎  ๏ƒ™๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๎ ๎ขŒ๎ œ๏บ๎œฑ๎œฒ๎ ก๎  ๎ š๎ ข๎˜ƒ
๎ ค๎ ก๏ƒ‹๎œฑ๎ ™๎œฎ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒsyn๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๏ข๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Vulgata๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™™๎™ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒGynaecia๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜Ÿ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒgyn๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎œฐ๏‡๎ ™๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๏ข๎œฑ๎œฒ๎œฐ๎ ก๎  ๎ ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹et post haec lexiua, et sic postea diaforeticis uteris emplastris ๎˜พ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜š๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏บ๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‡๏Žœ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™„
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™๎™๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ถ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‰๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž‡๏Ž„๏พ๏Ž‹๎˜๎˜ƒ A Commentary on Quintus of Smyrna, ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„
13,๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜™๎˜–๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒPosthomerica๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Posthomerica๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๎™‡๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Quintus de Smyrne: La
Suite dโ€™Hom๎™ฑre๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜‘
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™‹๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ formulae๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฒ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Posthomerica๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‹๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒpoeta doctus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™†๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒlacunae๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๏€ฅ๎œฏ๎ ฉ๎ ก๎ขŒ๎œฐ๎  ๎ ž๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒThesaurus Linguae Graecae๎˜ƒ
๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ธ๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™š๎™‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™š๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Ž๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž…๏ŽŽ๏Ž†๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™‹
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ฃ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎™„๎™†๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Ž
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๏พ๏Ž‰๏Ž‰๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏บ๏Ž†๏Ž‚๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏บ๏ฟ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๎˜๎˜ƒServius. Commentaire sur l๎šถ๎™ฅ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘ Livre
VIII๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™›๎™›๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ grammatici๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถAppendix Serviana๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ซ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถeditio Harvardiana๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒServius auctus๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎™€๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒร‰n๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒร‰n๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜น๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒProlegomena to Servius 5. The Manuscripts๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘3๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™โ€™ร‰nรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ5๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒstemma codicum๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹editio
Harvardiana๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ธ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™โ€™ร‰nรฉide๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ผ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ, ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒCritics, Compilers, and Commentators. An Introduction to Roman Philology,
200 BCE-800 CE๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒJRS๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ ๎˜ƒKleine Beitrรคge zur klassischen
Philologie๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒServiani in Vergili Aeneidos libros IX-XII commentarii๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒAC๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒRFIC๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜‘
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒVergilius๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒAC๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒPratiques
scolaires dans lโ€™Antiquitรฉ tardive et le Haut Moyen ร‚ge๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜น๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ล“๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถร‰๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ฅ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™…๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜
๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜™๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™˜๎™๎™†๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒร‰๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜š๎˜“๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถร‰๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜™๎˜•๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒin
medias res๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎š€๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒgrammaticus๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒfuror๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒGrammar and Christianity in the Late Roman World๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜’๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘, The
Last Pagans of Rome๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒร€๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Ž๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜•๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒOxford Readings in Vergilโ€™s Aeneid๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™Œ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜Ž๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜Ž๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜Ž๎˜ป๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒProlegomena๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎˜‘๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒstemma๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎Ÿป๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ร‰๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎œฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿป๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎Ÿป๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎œฏ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒL๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Leidensis ๎˜ฅ๎˜ณ๎˜ฏ๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒK๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒe๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒJ๎˜ƒ๎˜พMetensis Latinus๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜•๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎œฒ, ๎ –, ๎œฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒQ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Laurentianus
Mediceus plut๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒPa๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Parisinus Latinus๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜•๎˜’๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™รฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒVossianus Latinus๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Le๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒParisinus Latinus๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Pc๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎ –๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEscorialensis๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎›ฐ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹E๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜“๎™€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒOxford Readings in Vergilโ€™s Aeneid๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒNeapolitanus Vindobonensis๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹N)๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎šถ๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒF๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Floriacensis๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒParisinus Latinus๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜Ž๎˜ƒBernensis
Latinus๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎›ฐ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™›๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒG๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Bernensis๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎›ฐ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒF๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒBernensis๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒTuronensis๎˜ƒ๎˜‹T๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒF๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Span.๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™‡๎˜๎™’๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถeditio Harvardiana๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Amb๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒMediolanensis Ambrosianus๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถร‰nรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎šช๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒconspectus siglorum ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜Œ.
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถeditio Harvardiana๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™รฉ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜ง๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ซ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฑ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
latin๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒindex nominum, index geographicus, index grammaticus et
rhetoricus, index etymologicus, scriptores Latini et Graeci qui citantur, fabulae๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒstemma๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–ยป๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎Ÿป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œซ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎š€๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฎ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ถ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™‹๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒo.c๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถร‰nรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜ธ๎˜ฉ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๏Ž‹๏ŽŽ๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ผ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž๏Ž๏พ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ต๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šช
๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™…๎™ˆ
๎˜ค๏Ž…๏พ๏ŽŒ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž‹๏ผ๏พ๏บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜น๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒLa grammaire
dans le commentaire de Servius ร  Virgile๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒBibliotheca Weidmanniana๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒGiornata Ghisleriana di Filologia
classica๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ Inst. orat๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒM.
Valeri Probi Beryti fragmenta๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ Gaio Sulpicio Apollinare, grammatico latino del II secolo d.C๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎šซ
๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Enรฉide๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ Ars๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
Servius Danielis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒauctus๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ฑ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถars
commentarii๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ด๎™˜๎šถ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒmore poetico ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒmore suo๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜•๎˜
๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎šฟ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถauctoritas๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•,๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๏ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜š๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ en creux ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒquia ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒideo๎šซ๎˜ƒquia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒDanielis๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ค๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒdeclinatio๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹Aen๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒcommune๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™…๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
modus gerundi ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒvexata quaestio ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ndum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ndus ๎˜a๎˜ƒ๎˜um๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜s/tum๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜s/tu๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹GL ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒmodus gerundi ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ cantando๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒEcl๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณQuod ad omnes
pertinet ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹legitur๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹pudet๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒlegitur ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹cum legatur๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒsรฉmantique๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณExempla elocutionum ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ elocutiones๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Prisciani Caesariensis Ars, Liber XVIII๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฝ๎š๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜พ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜”๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ฒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šซ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
per immutatio casuum๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™›๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒartes๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒsoloecismus ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒInst๎˜‘๎˜ƒorat.๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ฐ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Verrine๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒauctus๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ธ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒProgramm des Kรถniglichen Gymnasiums zu Brieg ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถArs ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถHรฉcyre๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ฐ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒsemper, nonnumquam๎˜๎˜ƒplerumque ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถArs maior ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒArs ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถusus๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒling๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™’๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎š€๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ซ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถemendatio๎šซ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‡๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณEtymologia ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถetymologiae๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒDe lingua
latina๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒAen๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒling๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ซ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™œ๎™†๎™๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒe๎ฟผet de rรฉel๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š€๎™—๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒCommentarii๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™‘๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒauctus๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎™ช๎˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๏ถ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ท๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™ท๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒIndex locorum antiquorum๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒars ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒcommentarius ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎š€๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™’๎™Œ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎šซ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™ถ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ grammaticale๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒDe metris๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒMalli Theodori De metris๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜
๎˜ฝ๎š๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎™€๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎š€๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ช๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏ŽŽ๏Ž†๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ
๎˜ช๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎˜๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™‰๎™•
๎˜ฎ๏บ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๏Žˆ๏Ž‰๏Ž๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏บ๏Ž‰๏บ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๏ŽŽ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏บ๏Ž†๏Ž‰๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏บ๏ฟ๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ Later
Greek Epic and the Latin Literary Tradition๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎˜
๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‹๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ Argonautiques Orphiques๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Quellenforshung๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
prouver๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ฌ๎™•๎™—๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๏ถ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ loci similes๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถoppositio๎˜ƒin
imitando๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๏ถ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ฒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™™๎™’๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Gigantomachie๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ De Raptu Proserpinae๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๏ถ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ป๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ป๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™๎™œ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถIlioupersis๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฌ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฏ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™’๎™—๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™รฉ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๏ถ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ Posthomerica๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ธ๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ a posteriori๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎šฉ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒSac de Troie๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ฑ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒbreuitas๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถoppositio๎˜ƒin imitando๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™ท๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ณ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎™ช๎˜
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒArgonautiques
orphiques๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๏ท๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™“๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒGรฉorgiques๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถAchillรฉide๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™œ๎™๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ซ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ป๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šซ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ Dionysiaques๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒBucolique๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™‘๎™’๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™„๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEnรฉide๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎›€๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜›๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎šถ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž‡๏Žก๏Žˆ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏Ž‰๏Žˆ๏Ž…๏Ž…
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™๎˜ฃ๎™š๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™’๎˜‘๎™‰๎™•
๎˜ช๏Ž‚๏บ๏Ž†๏Ž‰๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏ผ๏บ๏ฟ๏Žˆ๏Ž€๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏บ๏ป๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ผ๏พ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž€๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒRomaniser la foi chrรฉtienne?
La poรฉsie latine de lโ€™Antiquitรฉ tardive entre tradition classique et inspiration
chrรฉtienne๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™‹๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šผ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ถ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™–๎™ฑ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ฐ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ป๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™ช๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™œ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฏ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎šฐ๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
Saturnales๎˜ƒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒSaturnales๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒtria
genera dicendi๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒgenera๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒSaturnales๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๏ต๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฏ๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ephem๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ท๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒMosella๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถOrdo urbium nobilium๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถOrdo urbium nobilium๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฑ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™›๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒContre Symmaque๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Peristephanon๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒinterpretatio romana๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™œ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLiber Cathemerinon๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLiber Peristephanon๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถHamartigenia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถApotheosis๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒPsychomachia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒContre Symmaque๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ Contre Symmaque๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Prรฉface๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ Contre Symmaque๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒActes๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜
๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ป๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ฐ๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒPerist๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLiber Peristephanon๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ฐ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒloca sancta๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎™Ž๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ Prudence, Spain and Late Antique Christianity๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒloca sancta๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒLiber Peristephanon๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Collection des
Universitรฉs de France๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒcarmina
minora๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ carmina minora๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎šถ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ De Isidis navigio, De Cythera ๎™ˆ๎™— De cereo๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ De Isidis navigio๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™’๎™๏ต๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถAnthologie latine๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒAnthologia latina๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜๎™ช๎˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒDe ecclesia๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpostulatio honoris๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜›๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถAnthologia latina๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ฐ๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™’๎™๏ต๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎šถAnthologia Latina๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒloca
sancta๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Peristephanon๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎™–๎™”๎™”๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™ณ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜น๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฐ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒloca sancta๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Dittochaeon๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Tituli๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šณOmnibus in rebus sermonum
purpura regnat๎˜ƒ๎˜‹carm๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™†๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถorator๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒEnnode de Pavie. Chantre o๎ฟฝciel de lโ€™Eglise de Milan๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜–๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ฒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฐ๎™๎™ฑ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ฒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒcarm๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™œ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎™–๎šถ๎™ˆ๏ต๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฐ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™Š๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜”๎˜›๎™–๎™”๎™”๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™‰๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜”๎™–๎™”๎™”๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒcarm.๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šซ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ป๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™•๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEpithalame๎˜ƒpour Maximus๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜–๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎˜ ๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎šถ๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEpithalame๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒElรฉgie๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒmentula๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™๎™‡๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถEpithalame๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹frigida
consumens multorum possidet artus / Virginitas; fervore novo sublimia carnem
/ vota domant, mundus tenui vix nomine constat๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEl๎™ฐ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹non ๎›€eo privatum sed generale chaos๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฆ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถEpithalame๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถElรฉgie๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ฑ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ฑ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎™๎™ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™ป๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Ž๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒStudies in the Christian
Latin Poetry of Late Antiquity๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™˜๎™™๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒChrรชsis๎˜‘๎˜ƒDie Methode der
Kirchenvรคter im Umgang mit der antiken Kultur๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜บ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏Ž’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž‡๏พ๏Ž‰๏Žˆ๏พ๏Ž…
๎˜ฎ๎˜ธ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘
๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ฃ๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎™…๎™ˆ
๎˜ฅ๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๏Žช๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏พ๏Ž€๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏ŽŒ๏บ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๏Ž†๏บ๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ฝ๏Ž‹๏Žง๏Ž€๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ libros XIII, XIV, XV. Epigramas variados๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜˜๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜›๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถAnthologia Palatina๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒAP๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒHeidelbergensis
Palatinus gr.๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎šถ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถAnthologia๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒSerta Turyniana๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒAnnuaire de lโ€™ร‰c. prat. des hautes
รฉtudes. Sciences historiques et philologiques๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜”๎˜๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒBollClass๎˜ƒ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Heid.๎˜ƒPal. gr. ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Par. suppl. gr.๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ Io, un manoscritto
(Lโ€™Antologia Palatina si racconta)๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„3๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถAnthologia graeca ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎šต๎˜ท๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™๎šถ5๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๏ถ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šถ๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒAP๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒScritti in onore di Carlo Diano๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜–๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎šด, ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒAntologia Palatina, ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฏ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ป๎˜ฏ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ RHT๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒThe Greek Anthology from
Meleager to Planudes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒinfra๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฉ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒThe Greek
Anthology๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒA.P.๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒThe Greek Anthology. Sources and ascriptions, ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™๎šถAnthologie
Palatine ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ฑ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎šถ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ฑ๎™ˆยป๎˜๎˜ƒAnthologie Grecque. Premiรจre partie. Anthologie Palatine.
Tome I (Livres I-IV),๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜“2๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒByzantine Poetry from Pisides to Geometres๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™•๎™–๎™Š๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ Byzantinische Sprachkunst.
Studien zur byzantinischen Literatur gewidmet๎˜ƒWolfram Hรถrandner zum 65. Geburtstag๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ
๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ The Greek Anthology๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™†๎™ฐ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒEncyclopedic Trends in Byzantium?
Proceedings of the International Conference held in Leuven, 6-8 May 2009๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™…๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒAnthologia Graeca๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™—๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜š2๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๏ถ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒAnthologie grecque. Premiรจre partie. Anthologie Palatine๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜
๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ed. pr๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
Epigrammi (P. Mil. Vogl. 8. 309) / Posidippo di Pella๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜น๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™œ๎™•๎™˜๎™–๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒThe Vienna Epigrams Papyrus (G
40611), ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฐ๎š๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™˜๎™—๎™๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒPoetic Garlands. Hellenistic Epigrams in Context๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ผ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒDie blรผtenlesende Muse. Poetik und Textualitรคt antiker Epigrammsammlungen๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถAP ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜›๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Ekphrasis๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ ˆ๎ขŒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒAP๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™–๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜”๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎šถ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Introducciรณn,๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎š๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™–๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒA Companion to Ancient Epigram๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™…๎™’๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒThe Greek Anthology๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ณ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
BollClass๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒRFIC๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๏ถ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒThe Greek Anthology๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒTradizione antologica dellโ€™epigramma
greco. Le sillogi minori di etร  bizantina e umanistica๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ Appendice๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ข๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒGreek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the Early Byzantine Era๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
Tradizione๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒAnthologia Graeca ad ๎šฟdem codicis olim Palatini, nunc Parisini ex apographo
Gothano edita๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถAnthologia Graeca๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™น๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒEditing Greek and Latin works of substantially di๎ฟผerent textual
traditions: Learning from di๎ฟผerent editorial experiences๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒEuphrosyne๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒGreek Epigram from the Hellenistic to the early Byzantine
Era๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒDatabase of Book
Byzantine Epigrams๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™š๎™š๎™š๎˜‘๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™‡๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜‘๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹AP ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถAnthologia Planudea๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜’๎˜”๎˜–๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ ˆ๎ขŒ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒAP๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜™๎˜’๎˜š๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜–๎˜’๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎˜ท๎˜จ๎˜ท๎˜”๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒCallimaco๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™Œ๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒAP๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒTeocrito๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒAP๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ constitutio textus๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๏ƒ‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎ ‘๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎ ›๎œฐ๎ ก๎œฎ๎œฑ๎œฒ๎  ๏ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒTradizione๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒTradizione๎šด, BMCR ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒMD ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™„๎™„๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™˜๎™…๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™œ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒJWI ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒAntologia Palatina๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎˜ƒ๎ –๎œฐ๎ ก๎œฎ๎ ข๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎œฒ๎  ๎ š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
Notas complementarias๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒApรฉndice 1๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ณ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒNotas complementarias๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™˜๏ถ๎™ฑ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถAnthologia Palatina ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๏พ๏Ž‹๏พ๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‡๏บ๏Ž๏บ๏Ž…๏พ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™›๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ Bodleianum Misc๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ Auct.๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒLeidensis Voss. gr.๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPalatinus๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™œ๎™๎™…๎™˜๎™•๎™Š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒLeidensis B.P.G.๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒLa tradition๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฉ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏Ž‰๏Ž‰๏Žˆ๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏พ๏ฟ๏บ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๏พ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏พ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒThe Hellenizing Muse. A European
Anthology of Poetry in Ancient Greek from the Renaissance to the Present๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™›๎˜Ž๎˜›๎˜–๎˜”๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜“๎˜™๎˜—๎˜”๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™–๎˜๎˜ณ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™š๎™„๎™œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜–๎˜
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™ด๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฅ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™•๎™œ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™‡๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ด๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒฮ ฯฯŒฮตฮดฯฮฟฮน๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™น๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™Œ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜™๎˜๎˜•๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™„๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™’๎™œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™ด๎™Ž๎™’๎™™๎™ฉ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜“๎˜๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™•๎š๎™†๎™Ž๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜
๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜—๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜น๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎œž๎™†๎™Œ๎™š๎™Œ๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™–๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™š๎™Œ๎™†๎™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜—๎˜๎˜—๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™Ž๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™น๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™Ž๎™˜๎™๎™ฌ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฎ๎™’๎™•๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฌ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™Ž๎™Ž๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜›๎˜“๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ editio princeps๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Textus๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Crit.๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒapparatus fontium et comparandorum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Sim.๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜›๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™›๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹แผ˜ฯ€ฮฏฮณฯฮฑฮผฮผฮฑ ฮตแผฐฯ‚ ฯ„แฝธฮฝ ฯƒฮฟฯ†แฝธฮฝ ฮ“ฮตฯŽฯฮณฮนฮฟฮฝ ฯ„แฝธฮฝ ฮ“ฮตฮผฮนฯƒฯ„ฯŒฮฝ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜š๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™น๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™น๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒฮ”ฮญฮฝฮดฯฮฑ ฮบฮฑแฝถ ฮฒฮฏฮฒฮปฮฟฮน๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™„๎™๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒTreno por la catรกstrofe de Grecia๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎šฟ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜
๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹ฮ˜ฯแฟ†ฮฝฮฟฯ‚ ฮตแผฐฯ‚ ฯ„แฝดฮฝ แผ™ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฟฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฯฮฟฯ†แฝดฮฝ แผˆฮฝฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝฮฏฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฟแฟฆ แผ˜ฯ€ฮฌฯฯ‡ฮฟฯ…๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒstricto sensu๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™‹๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜™๎˜“๎˜›๎˜
๎˜”๎˜™๎˜š๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ด๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒOda alcaica conmemorativa de los Juegos Olรญmpicos๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎šถ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™ด๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒcurriculum vitae๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
Index Librorum Manuscriptorum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒIndex Selectivus Personarum๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜›๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒIndex Selectivus Rerum Memorabilium ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIndex Greacitatis
(neologismi, hapax legomena, verba rara)๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™†๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ฉ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎›ˆ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ด๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏ป๏พ๏Ž…๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‡๏Žœ๏Ž‡๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž…๏Ž๏Žง๏Ž‡
๎˜ช๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎˜ธ๎˜ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜•๎˜›๎˜Œ
๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜”๎˜ฃ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜‘๎™†๎™’๎™
๎˜ต๏Žˆ๏ป๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๏Ž‚๏ผ๏ผ๏Ž‚๎˜๎˜ƒPoggio Bracciolini and the Re(dis)covery of Antiquity: Textual
and Material Traditions๎˜๎˜ƒ Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr
College on April 8-9, 2016๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎™›๎™Œ๎™Œ๎˜Ž๎˜•๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šผ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜๎˜œ๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹rediscovery of antiquity๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜’๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒFlorentina Libertas๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šถ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎šถ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™˜๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒlibertas๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
studia humanitatis๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒconstitutio textus๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎›Š๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜‘2
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™‹๎˜‘
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฝ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ Petrarca e
lโ€™Umanesimo latino. Atti del convegno AlmaPetrarca. V edizione (Bologna, 15 marzo 2022)๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ค๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎šถ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒRinascimento๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒHistoriae Florentini populi๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Historiae Florentini populi๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™บ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜›๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๏ถ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™•๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™•๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜›๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž3๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™๎™˜๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒHistoriae Florentini populi๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šถ๎˜š๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ notabilia๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
3๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒMiniatura ๎šฟorentina del Rinascimento. Un
primo censimento (1440-1525)๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜•๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘5
๎›Š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜š๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™„๏ต๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎›ญ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒalumna๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒsymposium๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹De vera nobilitate๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDe avaritia๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒDe
nobilitate๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒbianchi girari๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎šช๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™‹๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒlittera antiquaยป๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒcubicularius๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๏ต๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‡๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒDe vera nobilitate๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒDe avaritia๎›ญ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ฐ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒI manoscritti datati della
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze๎˜ƒIII๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šถ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒLa Biblio๎šฟlia๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒPercorsi di ๎šฟlologia italiana. Atti del convegno annuale della Societร  dei Filologia della
Letteratura Italiana (SFLI). Bari, 28โˆ’30 settembre 2022๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜
๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™—๎™—๎™“๎™–๎˜๎˜’๎˜’๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™œ๎˜‘๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜‘๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎˜’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™š๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜‘๎™“๎™‹๎™“๎˜ข๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ ๎˜ฐ๎˜ถ๎˜ˆ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜—๎˜›๎˜†๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜•๎˜”๎˜“๎˜’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜’๎˜•๎™˜๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ต๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒsub iudice๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™Š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe avaritia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๏ถ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎šƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe avaritia๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฒ๎™›๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™‡๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎™๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™‹๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™Œ๎™๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜๎™š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–ยป๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜›๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๏ต๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๏ถ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒDialogi ad Petrum Paulum Histrum๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ด๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒDialogi๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒpost quem๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๏ถ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎šƒ๎˜—๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ De vera nobilitate๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ง๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒPoggio Bracciolini๎˜‘๎˜ƒDe vera nobilitate๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜”๎˜“๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎šถ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™บ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜—๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๏ถ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎šช๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถhilaritas๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ theatrum mundi๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIntercenales๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ De infelicitate principum๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™‹๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒIntercenales๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šฉ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™’๎šช๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™’๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™“๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
book hunter๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ littera
antiqua๎˜ƒ๎›ญ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™™๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜๎˜—๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™„๎™—๎™–๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒAd Atticum๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™บ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒlittera antiqua๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ layout๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™‰๎˜๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™–๎šช๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎˜พ๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘๎™€๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™—๎™š๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™š๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™•๎™’๎™˜๎™Š๎™‹๎˜ƒpuritas and suavitas๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™‹๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎šช๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™š๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™œ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๏ต๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎šถ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜—๎˜–๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šต๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‰๎šถ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒcoaching๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™‹๎™„๎™š๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™’๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™„๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™˜๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™œ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™Œ๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ
๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™๎šถ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™ช๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ฑ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™๎™„๎™—๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ The swerve: How the World
๎˜—๎˜“๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
Became Modern๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™š๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™’๎™•๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎šถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜บ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒalumna๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ Two Renaissance Book Hunters๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ฟ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™’๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™Š๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™‹๎™œ๎™๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™‰๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‰๎™—๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™‹๎˜๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™’๎™Ž๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ book
dealers ๎™‡๎™„๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™บ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ต๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™Š๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™“๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎™œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™’๎™š๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™‹๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™’๎™‡๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™ต๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎›€๎™Œ๎™—๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๏พ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž‚๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™„
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™•๎˜‘๎™Œ๎™—
๎˜ฆ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏ผ๏พ๏Ž‰๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žฌ๏Ž‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๏บ๏ป๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ๏Ž‡๏บ,๎˜ƒTomรกs Moro๎˜๎˜ƒDiรกlogos de Luciano๎˜๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn,
traducciรณn del original latino y notas๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜
๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜–๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜—๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ฉ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹Cynicus, Menippus seu
Necromantia, Philopseudes๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒTyrannicida๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒResponsio๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒUtopรญa๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒTyrannicida๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
editio princeps๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™–๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™“๎™Œ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™˜๎™๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎›ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™Œ๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒTyrannicida๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™’๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜‘๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™น๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒinanis๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๏€™๎œฑ๎ ˜๎ ๎  ๎ ข๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™œ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒrealia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒMenippus๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™ˆ๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
declamatio๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฌ๏Ž€๏Ž‡๏บ๏ผ๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž‹๏ผ๏Žง๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏Ž…๏Ž…๏บ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™‹๎™„
๎˜ฌ๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ช๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™๎™๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ฉ๏Ž‹๏บ๏Ž‡๏ผ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏ผ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž“๏Žœ๏Ž…๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏ผ๏พ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๏Ž๏Žœ๏Ž๏พ๏Ž“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๏พ๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ El
espacio en el tiempo. Geografรญa e historiografรญa en la antigua Grecia๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ถ๎˜ฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜“๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜—๎˜˜๎˜–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
Estudios clรกsicos๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™น๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™พ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™˜๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒEl espacio en el tiempo. Geografรญa e historiografรญa en la antigua
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
Grecia.๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎˜จ๎˜จ๎˜ฆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
GAHIA๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Geography And Historiography in Antiquity๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒGAHIA๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ GAHIA๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎šด๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™น๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
Ernst Kirsten Gesellschaft๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ Orbis Terrarum๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒEratosthenes๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒGeographia antiqua๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒGAHIA๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šต๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒGAHIA๎šถ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜’๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒBarrington Atlas of the
Greek and Roman World๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒAntiquity ร€-la-carte๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
Ancient World Mapping Center๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜น๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPapiro de Artemidoro๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDie Fragmenta Historicum Graecorum๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™„๎™•๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎š๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜”๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™›๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒDie Fragmente
der Griechischen Historiker๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPapiro de Artemidoro๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ GAHIA๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ GAHIA๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ GAHIA๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒexcerpta ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒexcerpta๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ณ๎™๎™…๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎˜๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™ฐ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™พ๎™•๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ฉ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPapiro de Artemidoro๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™‡๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™•๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒPapiro de
Artemidoro๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜œ๎˜œ๎™›๎˜–๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
Papiro๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฌ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜’๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPapiro de Artemidoro๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ฐ๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜ž๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™พ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎ขŒ๎œฎ๎ š๎œฏ๎œฐ๏‚€๎œฎ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šข๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒOdisea๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒArgonรกuticas๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„ Biblioteca๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ข๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎›‹๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™“๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™“๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ญ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™น๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™น๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™‡๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‘๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎›ˆ๎™‰๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜ซ๎™‡๎™—๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜—๎˜‘๎˜—๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ท๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™’๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜™
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™—๎™—๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ณ๎™ฉ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™‰๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™…๎™ฐ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™†๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™น๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™ฉ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™Š๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™น๎™–๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ซ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ฐ๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒGAHIA๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜š
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™น๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒGAHIA๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜’๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒPapiro
de Artemidoro๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎šฟ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™™๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒGAHIA ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™œ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏Žฃ๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž๏Žง๏Ž‡
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™„๎™๎™ฑ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™„๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™™๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–
๎˜ค๏Ž‡๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๏Ž‚๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‹๏Ž€๏บ๏Ž‡๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๏ป๏บ๏Žƒ๏Žˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Žˆ๏Ž†๏พ๏Ž‡๏Žฃ๎˜๎˜ƒVicente Requeno
y Vives. Ensayos histรณricos para servir al restablecimiento de la mรบsica de los
antiguos griegos๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™น๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™…๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ธ๎˜ฆ๎˜ฒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜›๎˜—๎˜๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜•๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜•๎˜๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜น๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜—๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฉ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎šช๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ Saggi sur ristabilimento dellโ€™arte armonica๎˜”๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Ensayos histรณricos para servir al restablecimiento
de la mรบsica de los antiguos griegos๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒSaggi sur ristabilimento dellโ€™arte armonica de greci e romani cantori๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜›
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒSaggi/Ensayos๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜
๎˜™๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™ด๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™˜๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™ฉ๎™“๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒDe morum institutione libri III๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ด๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™•๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜บ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™˜๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™…๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜”๎˜œ
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜‘
๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‹๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–2๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒSaggi๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ธ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™พ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜›๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒEnsayos๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’3๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™…๎™•๎™„๎™œ๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™“๎™น๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™๎™’๎™ธ๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™˜๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‡๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™’๎™๎™’๎™ธ๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™—๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒDel origen y reglas de la mรบsica๎˜—๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
2๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜•๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜›๎˜™๎™™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜‘
3๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒNรบmero sonoro o lengua de la pasiรณn. La mรบsica ilustrada de los jesuitas expulsos๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒDellโ€™origine et delle regole della musica, colla storia del suo progresso, decadenza
e renovazione๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜—๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜“
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™™๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎šด๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ5๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™…๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜–๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEnsayos๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒSaggi๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™น๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒcantus ๎šฟrmus๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™ด๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™ฐ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEnsayos๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜•๎˜๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEnsayos๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜š๎˜๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎šณ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™…๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ด๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™›๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEnsayos๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
5๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎˜‘๎˜ฅ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒLโ€™esemplare o sia saggio fondamentale pratico di contrapunto sopra il canto
fermo๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜—๎˜‘
๎˜™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ Dubbio di D. Antonio Eximeno sopra il Saggio fondamentale pratico di
contrappunto del R. padre maestro Giamb. Martini๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜‘๎˜ƒVid๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒAntonio
Eximeno,๎˜ƒDel origen y reglas de la mรบsica, con la historia de su progreso, decadencia y restauraciรณn๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜™๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜”
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™๎™ด๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™“๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™–๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎šณ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜™๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™Š๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜”๎˜๎˜–๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜˜๎˜“๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜—๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™†๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™ด๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎šฟ๎™๎™น๎™–๎™’๎™‰๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎šซ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ Summa๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™‘๎›€๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™ด๎™•๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜š๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘
๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜“๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™ฉ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Humanism in Italian Renaissance Musical Thought๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ผ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜˜๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹La teorรญa espaรฑola de la mรบsica en los
siglos XVII y XVIII๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Ž๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™—๎™‹๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜—๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒIntroducciรณn๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜•
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ Introducciรณn๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Ensayos๎˜’Saggi๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™…๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎šฟ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒSaggi๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜พ๎šซ๎™€๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™๎™ด๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜Œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™›๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™๎™ฐ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™พ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™„๎™™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒiudicium aurium๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒiudicium rationis๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™—๎™’๎™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ด๎™˜๎™Œ๎™๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™•๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜‹๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™น๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™„๎™˜๎™›๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
y artes y sus correspondientes en las tres lenguas: francesa, latina e italiana๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜™๎˜๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™ฐ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎šฟ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒDe Musica libri septem๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™„๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒDialogo della musica antica et della moderna๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜”๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜“๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ Elementa Harmonica๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜™๎˜”๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™›๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜‘
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜–
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜”๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™‹๎™„๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™’๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎™Š๎™’๎™‘๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒSaggi๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™…๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ฉ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™•๎™„๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™น๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜›๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎šฟ๎™•๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฒ๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎™†๎˜‘๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™Š๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜™๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜”๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜š๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฝ๎™„๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ž๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎šด๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒaulรณs๎˜๎˜ƒhidraulos๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒarmonรญa๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™–๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎˜ƒh๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šฑ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎šณ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜˜๎˜œ๎˜๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™„๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™Œ๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™“๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜™๎˜“๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™’๎šด๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™—๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜‘
๎˜ณ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™™๎™Œ๎™•๎™—๎™พ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ด๎šฟ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™˜๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ฐ๎™†๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ด๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒEnsayos๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™๎™ˆ๎™™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฉ๎™™๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™ด๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™˜๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎›€๎™ˆ๎™›๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™Š๎™น๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™„๎™๎™…๎™Œ๎™ฐ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜”๎˜ƒ๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฐ๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฐ๎™›๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™›๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™†๎™Œ๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™พ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒ
Cuadernos de Mรบsica Iberoamericana๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜˜๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜”๎˜›๎˜๎˜”๎˜œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™•๎™†๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™ฐ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šณ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™“๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™—๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šถ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™†๎™•๎™’๎™๎™ฉ๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎šต๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™•๎™๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎šถ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎šด๎˜๎˜ƒCuadernos
de Mรบsica Iberoamericana๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜“๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜–๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜‘
๎˜”๎˜•๎˜ƒ ๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฆ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™˜๎™™๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‰๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ถ๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜จ๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒPedro Cerone: El Melopeo y Maestro๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™„๎™‡๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜“๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜Œ๎˜‘
Reseรฑas / Reviews
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜—
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425 ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™’๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒSaggi๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™’๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ฉ๎™†๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™’๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ต๎™ˆ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™™๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‹๎™’๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™˜๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘
๎˜ฆ๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏Ž๏Ž‚๏Ž‡๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Ž‚๏พ๏Ž€๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๏บ๏ผ๏Ž๏พ๏ผ๏Žˆ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™ฐ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฆ๎˜ฑ๎˜ต๎˜ถ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ค๎˜ท๎˜ฌ๎˜ฏ๎˜ฉ๎˜Œ
๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎™“๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎˜๎™๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎™‰๎™•
๎˜ฐ๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž„๏ŽŽ๏ŽŒ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๏Ž๏บ๏ผ๏Ž๏Žˆ๏Ž‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๏ŽŽ๏Ž‚๏ŽŒ๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๏บ๏ŽŽ๏Ž†๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž‡๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ Neuf Odes dโ€™Anacrรฉon (1799, 1817)
/ Neun Lieder im Stile Anakreons auf Altgriechisch. Lateinisch un Franzรถsisch /
Nine Anacreontic Songs in Ancient Greek, Latin and French๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฅ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™—๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎š๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎™‘๎™Š๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™„๎™•๎™‰๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜ฎ๎™๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎˜’๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™’๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™•๎™“๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™•๎š๎™‹๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™•๎™„๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜•๎˜“๎˜•๎˜–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜™๎˜—๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™“๎˜‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฅ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜›๎˜๎˜–๎˜๎˜œ๎˜›๎˜”๎˜™๎˜—๎˜œ๎˜–๎˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฌ๎˜ถ๎˜ฐ๎˜ฑ๎˜ƒ
๎˜œ๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜๎˜“๎˜๎˜•๎˜“๎˜˜๎˜š๎˜๎˜•๎˜›๎˜œ๎˜”๎˜๎˜˜๎˜‘
๎˜ฑ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‹๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™Œ๎™…๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎™๎™’๎™Š๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™Œ๎™–๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฅ๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜˜๎˜˜๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ
๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒCarmina Anacreontica๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ด๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™น๎™‘๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜‘
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™ด๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ซ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜น๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ฌ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ป๎˜ฌ๎˜ป๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™™๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™น๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™๎™น๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™’๎™“๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜›๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™˜๎™†๎™น๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜ท๎™ˆ๎™น๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฅ๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™’๎™–๎™†๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎˜”๎˜š๎˜›๎˜›๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™„๎™…๎™˜๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜จ๎™–๎™’๎™“๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ฉ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒOdas๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™„๎™œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™’๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎š๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฐ๎™“๎™’๎™†๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ซ๎™„๎™…๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™—๎™•๎™˜๎™Œ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™„๎™–๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™ฐ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜”๎˜š๎˜œ๎˜œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™น๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™’๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ Odas๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‰๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™™๎™’๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™„๎™ธ๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™•๎™“๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™„๎™‘๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™น๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™…๎™’๎™•๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ญ๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜–๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™˜๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™•๎™˜๎™…๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Œ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜“๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜•๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ฅ๎™—๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜
๎˜ฑ๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฐ๎™ฐ๎™‹๎™˜๎™๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜™๎˜–๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜”๎˜š๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎˜ฉ๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™ฏ๎™’๎™Œ๎™–๎˜๎˜ญ๎™’๎™–๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎˜ƒ ๎˜ช๎™’๎™–๎™–๎™ˆ๎™†๎˜ƒ ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜š๎˜–๎˜—๎˜๎˜”๎˜›๎˜•๎˜œ๎˜Œ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎™™๎™„๎™—๎™’๎™Œ๎™•๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™„๎™•๎™Œ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ณ๎™’๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜—๎˜•๎˜˜
ExClass 27, 2023, 251-425
Reseรฑas / Reviews
ISSN 1699-3225
๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™ˆ๎™˜๎™•๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™Œ๎™–๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™—๎™•๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜ฏ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‹๎™’๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™พ๎™‘๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™–๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™…๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ณ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™•๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ด๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎˜ถ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™‹๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฑ๎™„๎™˜๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‰๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™–๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™พ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™˜๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™’๎™“๎™Œ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎˜ถ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™“๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎™˜๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™•๎™„๎™‘๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๎™„๎™Œ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‡๎™˜๎™„๎™•๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎˜ฐ๎™ผ๎™•๎™Œ๎™Ž๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜™๎˜—๎˜Œ๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ท๎™‹๎™’๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎˜ฅ๎™’๎™˜๎™•๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜‹๎˜”๎˜›๎˜—๎˜™๎˜Œ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™†๎™˜๎™“๎™„๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฏ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™พ๎™๎™—๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™๎™“๎™’๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™†๎™๎™˜๎™œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™ฉ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™Š๎™๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™Œ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ
๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‰๎™’๎™•๎™๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™•๎™ด๎™—๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎™“๎™๎™ˆ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™’๎™‘๎™‡๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™“๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™ˆ๎™†๎™‹๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™’๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™–๎™ด๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™Œ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™•๎™“๎™•๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™—๎™Œ๎™™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™†๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜จ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™…๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™’๎™Š๎™•๎™„๎™‰๎™ด๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™“๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ ๎˜ค๎™‘๎™„๎™†๎™•๎™ˆ๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ด๎™•๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™Š๎™˜๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™’๎™—๎™•๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™”๎™˜๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒNeuf Odes dโ€™Anacrรฉon๎˜‘๎˜ƒ
๎˜ค๎™˜๎™‘๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™“๎™„๎™•๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™†๎™’๎™Š๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™—๎™ด๎™—๎™˜๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™’๎™‘๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™œ๎˜ƒ ๎™„๎™๎™Š๎™˜๎™‘๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™“๎™’๎™‡๎™•๎™ด๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™„๎™‡๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™Œ๎™—๎™„๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™†๎™Œ๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™ˆ๎™†๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™—๎™Œ๎šฟ๎™†๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™„๎™—๎™˜๎™•๎™„๎™๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™„๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™•๎™‘๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™˜๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™๎™’๎™๎™น๎™Š๎™Œ๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ
๎™—๎™’๎™‡๎™’๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎™™๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™‘๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™…๎™™๎™Œ๎™„๎™•๎™–๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™…๎™๎™Œ๎™†๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™’๎™•๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™•๎™Œ๎™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™˜๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ˆ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™’๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™Š๎™•๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™Š๎™’๎˜‘
๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™˜๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™—๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‹๎™„๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ฉ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™‘๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎˜ƒ
๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™‘๎™‰๎™•๎™’๎™‘๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‰๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™†๎™ˆ๎™–๎™Œ๎™…๎™๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™•๎™•๎™Œ๎™Š๎™Œ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™๎™Œ๎™Š๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™•๎™•๎™’๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ
๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™†๎™’๎™๎™“๎™’๎™–๎™Œ๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™œ๎˜ƒ๎™„๎™†๎™—๎™˜๎™„๎™๎™Œ๎™๎™„๎™‘๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎™—๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜‘๎˜ƒ๎˜จ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™–๎™˜๎™๎™—๎™„๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎šฟ๎™‘๎™„๎™๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™˜๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™—๎™•๎™„๎™…๎™„๎™๎™’๎˜ƒ
๎™”๎™˜๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™ˆ๎™•๎™๎™Œ๎™—๎™ˆ๎˜๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™Œ๎™Š๎™๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™–๎™“๎™˜๎™ฐ๎™–๎˜๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™Œ๎™–๎™‰๎™•๎™˜๎™—๎™„๎™•๎˜ƒ ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ ๎™•๎™ˆ๎™๎™’๎™‡๎™ˆ๎™๎™„๎™†๎™Œ๎™น๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™–๎™—๎™’๎™–๎˜ƒ
cantica๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™‘๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™๎˜ƒ๎™–๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™—๎™Œ๎™‡๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™๎™ฉ๎™–๎˜ƒ๎™ˆ๎™›๎™—๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™–๎™’๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎™๎™„๎˜ƒ๎™“๎™„๎™๎™„๎™…๎™•๎™„๎˜‘
๎˜ฉ๏ŽŽ๏พ๏Ž‡๏ŽŒ๏บ๏Ž‡๏Ž๏บ๎˜ƒ๎˜ช๏บ๏Ž‹๏Ž‹๏Ž‚๏ฝ๏Žˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ง๏Žˆ๏Ž†๏พ๏Ž‡๏Žฃ
๎˜ธ๎™‘๎™Œ๎™™๎™ˆ๎™•๎™–๎™Œ๎™‡๎™„๎™‡๎˜ƒ๎™‡๎™ˆ๎˜ƒ๎˜ฆ๎™น๎™•๎™‡๎™’๎™…๎™„
๎™‰๎™Š๎™‡๎™’๎™๎™ˆ๎™‘๎™ˆ๎˜ฃ๎™˜๎™†๎™’๎˜‘๎™ˆ๎™–