{"id":783,"date":"2025-07-01T15:01:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T13:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/?post_type=proyecto&#038;p=783"},"modified":"2025-07-01T15:01:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T13:01:30","slug":"carpinteros-de-ribera-punta-umbria-1998","status":"publish","type":"proyecto","link":"https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/proyecto\/carpinteros-de-ribera-punta-umbria-1998\/","title":{"rendered":"Carpinteros de Ribera (Punta Umbr\u00eda, 1998)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La presente serie fotogr\u00e1fica se muestra diferentes fases de construcci\u00f3n de peque\u00f1as embarcaciones pesqueras en madera. \u00c9stos botes se utilizan para la pesca costera en la llamada\u00a0<strong>plataforma continental<\/strong>, llamado tambi\u00e9n pesca de bajura en contraste con la pesca en altura realizada en alta mar.<\/p>\n<p>Para seleccionar la\u00a0<strong>madera<\/strong>, los artesanos se gu\u00edan por la forma natural de los troncos, teniendo en cuenta la direcci\u00f3n de la veta, con el fin de aprovechar mejor la resistencia de las\u00a0<strong>fibras<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Las piezas del casco se cortan en oto\u00f1o, ya que la<strong>\u00a0savia<\/strong>\u00a0tiene menos humedad. Los palos y vergas se talan en el mes de mayo buscando una mayor elasticidad.\u00a0 Despu\u00e9s del aserrado las piezas deben guardarse entre tres y nueve meses, protegi\u00e9ndolos de las inclemencias meteorol\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n<p>La\u00a0<strong>quilla<\/strong>\u00a0constituye la espina dorsal de la embarcaci\u00f3n, suele ser de eucalipto o de roble. En los extremos de la quilla se ensamblan el\u00a0<strong>branque o roda<\/strong>, que determinan la proa y la popa de la embarcaci\u00f3n. Sobre la quilla y a mitad de la eslora, se coloca la<strong>\u00a0cuaderna<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>maestra<\/strong>, y a continuaci\u00f3n otras dos cuadernas llamadas\u00a0<strong>tercio de proa<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0<strong>tercio de popa<\/strong>. Una vez armada la cuaderna maestra y los tercios de proa y popa, se colocan unos listones longitudinales. Al conjunto del armaz\u00f3n se le denomina\u00a0<strong>molde<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1552 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-8b.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-8b.jpg 592w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-8b-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-8b-480x360.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-8b-384x288.jpg 384w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-8b-320x240.jpg 320w\" alt=\"guillermo-cabrera-8b\" width=\"592\" height=\"444\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Esquema de construcci\u00f3n de una barca pesquera. David Velezvia D\u00edaz<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>El\u00a0<strong>forrado<\/strong>, como se observa en la primera ilustraci\u00f3n, es la operaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s compleja y meticulosa. El protagonista forra el casco con las denominadas\u00a0<strong>tracas o banzos<\/strong>. Las tablas se unen unas a otras sin sobreponerse. Normalmente se empieza a forrar desde la parte superior hacia la<strong>\u00a0l\u00ednea de flotaci\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tanto las caras como los cantos de las tracas requieren una curvatura especial para adaptarse mejor al armaz\u00f3n. Dejarla en agua un tiempo permite adaptar la madera reduciendo el riesgo de rotura.<\/p>\n<p>En las siguientes im\u00e1genes se pueden observar la fase de<strong>\u00a0calafateado<\/strong>, consistente en sellar la uni\u00f3n de maderos del casco con productos alquitranados para impedir que entre el agua, haciendo que la embarcaci\u00f3n sea totalmente estanca. Para ello, el maestro artesano se ayuda de un martillo y se asegura que quede limpio de astillas. Una vez calafateado el casco, se aplica la correspondiente pintura protectora.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1554 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 883px) 100vw, 883px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10.png 883w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-640x435.png 640w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-480x326.png 480w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-384x261.png 384w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-320x217.png 320w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-785x533.png 785w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-10-680x462.png 680w\" alt=\"guillermo-cabrera-10\" width=\"883\" height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1553 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-9.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-9.png 372w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-9-199x300.png 199w, https:\/\/www.uhu.es\/vistoynovisto\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/guillermo-cabrera-9-320x483.png 320w\" alt=\"guillermo-cabrera-9\" width=\"372\" height=\"561\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Maestro artesano repasando y limpiando de posibles astillas y pintura vieja el casco de un bote embarcaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":784,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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