Heritage Tourism and Tourist Experience: A Systematic Literature Review on Monuments, Motivation, Image, and Satisfaction
Keywords:
ASI, Heritage Monuments, Heritage Tourism, Tourist, Motivation, On-site image, Satisfaction, Overall experience, SLR.
Abstract
This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) explores visitor motivation, on-site image, satisfaction, and overall experience within heritage tourism, focusing particularly on India’s ASI-protected monuments. The review combines results from more than 50 studies listed in Scopus and points out important reasons why people visit, such as learning about culture, feeling nostalgic, and having emotional connections, and shows how these reasons relate to tourist satisfaction and the image of the destination. The analysis reveals significant theoretical fragmentation, limited attention to emotive factors like existential authenticity, and the frequent exclusion of Indian ASI sites in mainstream research. While the field is shifting toward data-driven models like PLS-SEM, there remains a lack of longitudinal and mixed-method research designs. The review provides practical recommendations for policymakers, emphasising improved heritage interpretation, digital engagement, and site infrastructure. Advocating for interdisciplinary approaches, it encourages integrating psychological, technological, and cultural perspectives, aligning research with heritage policy and sustainability goals, and advancing both scholarly understanding and practical heritage management.
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References
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Harahsheh, S., & Khasawneh, Z. (2024). Seeking serenity, adventure, and cultural connections: Unveiling motives for second home tourism in northern Jordan. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 14(6), 625–638. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTP.2024.10066526
Ho, N. M., Rahman, S., & Thi, T. C. (2023). The Effect of Tourist Expectations and Tourist Experiences on Tourist Satisfaction with Heritage Attributes: A Case Study of Hoian, Vietnam. Planning Malaysia, 21(4), 334–348.
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Babolian Hendijani, R. (2016). Effect of food experience on tourist satisfaction: The case of Indonesia. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 10(3), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-04-2015-0030
Bandaru, R., & Venkateshwarlu, H. (2020). Foreign tourists' revisit intention approach applied in the Indian tourism market. Indian Journal of Marketing, 50(4), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2020/v50/i4/151572
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., Battor, M., & Awais, M. (2014). Islamic tourism: An empirical examination of travel motivation and satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.965665
Baum, T., Cheung, C., Kong, H., Kralj, A., Mooney, S., Ramachandran, S., ... & Siow, M. L. (2020). Sustainability and the tourism and hospitality workforce: A thematic analysis. Sustainability, 12(17), 6825. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176825
Bhuiyan, M. A. H., & Darda, M. A. (2020). Tourists satisfaction on heritage sites of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2018-0081
Bhuiyan, M. A. H., & Darda, M. A. (2020). Tourists’ satisfaction on heritage sites of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2018-0081
Bonn, M. A., Joseph-Mathews, S. M., Dai, M., Hayes, S., & Cave, J. (2007). Heritage/Cultural Attraction Atmospherics: Creating the Right Environment for the Heritage/Cultural Visitor. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506295947
Bonn, M. A., Joseph-Mathews, S. M., Dai, M., Hayes, S., & Cave, J. (2007). Heritage/cultural attraction atmospherics: Creating the right environment for the heritage/cultural visitor. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506295947
Bui, H. T., & Le, T.-A. (2015). Tourist satisfaction and destination image of Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(5), 573–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1075564
Chen, C.-M., & Tsai, T.-H. (2017). Tourist motivations in relation to a battlefield: A case study of Kinmen. Tourism Geographies, 20(2), 284–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1385094
Chhabra, D. (2010b). Back to the past: A sub-segment of Generation Y's perceptions of authenticity. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(6), 793–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.483280
Chhabra, D. (2010a). Branding Authenticity. Tourism Analysis, 15(6), 735–740. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354210X12904412050134
Chhabra, D., Healy, R., & Sills, E. (2003). Staged authenticity and heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 702–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00044-6
Cui, J., Zhang, S., & Wang, L. (2025). Evaluating canal heritage tourists' satisfaction: An asymmetric impact-performance analysis of the Grand Canal in Beijing, China. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 62, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2025.01.002
Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
Farmaki, A. (2013). Dark tourism revisited: A supply/demand conceptualisation. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2012-0030
Guo, W., & Zhang, X. (2022). Regional tourism performance research: Knowledge foundation, discipline structure, and academic frontier. SAGE Open, 12(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221088013
Harahsheh, S., & Khasawneh, Z. (2024). Seeking serenity, adventure, and cultural connections: Unveiling motives for second home tourism in northern Jordan. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 14(6), 625–638. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTP.2024.10066526
Ho, N. M., Rahman, S., & Thi, T. C. (2023). The Effect of Tourist Expectations and Tourist Experiences on Tourist Satisfaction with Heritage Attributes: A Case Study of Hoian, Vietnam. Planning Malaysia, 21(4), 334–348.
Huang, S., Weiler, B., & Assaker, G. (2015). Effects of interpretive guiding outcomes on tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention. Journal of Travel Research, 54(3), 344–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513517426
Huang, S., Weiler, B., & Assaker, G. (2015). Effects of interpretive guiding outcomes on tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention. Journal of Travel Research, 54(3), 344–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513517426
Huebner, A. (2011). Who came first – Dracula or the Tourist? New Perspectives on Dracula Tourism at Bran Castle. European Journal of Tourism Research, 4(1), 55–65.
Huete Alcocer, N., & López Ruiz, V. R. (2020). The role of destination image in tourist satisfaction: The case of a heritage site. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2444–2461. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1654399
Huh, J., Uysal, M., & McCleary, K. (2006). Cultural/heritage destinations: Tourist satisfaction and market segmentation. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 14(3), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n03_07
Huo, Y., & Miller, D. (2007). Satisfaction measurement of small tourism sector (museum): Samoa. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 12(2), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660701243331
ICOMOS. (2011). The Paris Declaration: On heritage as a driver of development. International Council on Monuments and Sites. https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/2011/GA2011_Declaration_de_Paris_EN_20120109.pdf
Jean, J. S., Joseph, M., Louis, C., & Michel, J. (2020). Haitian Archaeological Heritage: Understanding its loss and paths to future Preservation. Heritage, 3(3), 733–752. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030041
Kempiak, J., Hollywood, L., Bolan, P., & McMahon-Beattie, U. (2017). The heritage tourist: An understanding of the visitor experience at heritage attractions. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(4), 375–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2016.1277776
Kim, J., Kim, B., & Park, S. (2013). The effects of tourism ritualization and ritual performance on tourist satisfaction. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(3), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2013.802555
Lu, L., Chi, C. G., & Liu, Y. (2015). Authenticity, involvement, and image: Evaluating tourist experiences at historic districts. Tourism Management, 50, 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.026
Lynch, M.-F., Duinker, P., Sheehan, L., & Chute, J. (2010). Sustainable Mi’kmaw cultural tourism development in Nova Scotia, Canada: Examining cultural tourist and Mi’kmaw perspectives. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 539–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903406605
Magee, R., & Gilmore, A. (2015). Heritage site management: From dark tourism to transformative service experience? The Service Industries Journal, 35(15–16), 898–917. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2015.1090980
Maulina, A., Sukoco, I., Hermanto, B., Kostini, N., Rahmawati, N. F., & Hartono. (2024). Oud Batavia as a heritage site within Jakarta: Tourist revisit intentions. Turyzm/Tourism, 34(1), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.34.1.13
McIntosh, A. J. (2004). Tourists’ appreciation of Maori culture in New Zealand. Tourism Management, 25(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00058-X
Ministry of Culture. (2023, September 4). ASI launches revamped ‘Adopt a Heritage 2.0’ programme. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1954797
Murdy, S., Alexander, M., & Bryce, D. (2018). What pulls ancestral tourists ‘home’? An analysis of ancestral tourist motivations. Tourism Management, 64, 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.07.011
Nguyen, T. H. H. (2020). A reflective–formative hierarchical component model of perceived authenticity. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45(3), 501–528. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020944460
Nguyen, T. H. H., & Cheung, C. (2016). Chinese heritage tourists to heritage sites: What are the effects of heritage motivation and perceived authenticity on satisfaction? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1125377
Otoo, F. E., Kim, S. S., & Choi, Y. (2020). Developing a multidimensional measurement scale for diaspora tourists’ motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 59(6), 1110–1126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519899990
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Published
2026-07-08
How to Cite
Bansal, S. P., Kaundal, R., Sharma, S., Chandel, M., Sood, E., & Thakur, R. (2026). Heritage Tourism and Tourist Experience: A Systematic Literature Review on Monuments, Motivation, Image, and Satisfaction. ENLIGHTENING TOURISM. A PATHMAKING JOURNAL, 16(2), 82-104. https://doi.org/10.33776/EUHU/et.v16i2.9312
Section
RESEARCH ARTICLES
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