La preparación física en el baloncesto moderno: una perspectiva basada en la evidencia científica

  • Julio Calleja-González Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Miguel Ángel Gómez-Ruano Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Palabras clave:

preparación física, carga entrenamiento, baloncesto, deceleraciones, prevención de lesiones, HIIT, monitorización

Resumen

Este trabajo presenta una revisión actualizada de la preparación física (PF) en el baloncesto moderno, integrando hallazgos recientes en torno a tres pilares fundamentales: fuerza-potencia, resistencia específica y gestión de la carga. Se describe el papel del entrenamiento basado en la velocidad (VBT), la importancia de la integración de tareas pliométricas específicas, y la progresiva sustitución del trabajo aeróbico convencional por métodos de alta intensidad intermitente (HIIT). Asimismo, se profundiza en la relevancia del monitoreo dual de la carga, interna y externa, y se señala la deceleración como un marcador clave en la prevención de lesiones. Finalmente, se analizan desafíos emergentes como la individualización del entrenamiento por tipo de movimiento, la fatiga específica y las nuevas perspectivas tecnológicas y metodológicas que configuran el rol del preparador físico actual.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Altmetrics

Citas

Martinho DV, Clemente FM, Ángel-Gomez M, Rebelo A, Field A, Santos CC, Gouveia ÉR, Afonso J, Sarmento H. Physical, Physiological, Technical and Tactical Responses According to the Playing Position in Male Basketball: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Hum Kinet. 2025 Apr 30;96(Spec Issue):5-35. doi: 10.5114/jhk/203326. PMID: 40453900; PMCID: PMC12121883.

Petway AJ, Freitas TT, Calleja-González J, Medina Leal D, Alcaraz PE. Training load and match-play demands in basketball based on competition level: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 5;15(3): e0229212. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229212. PMID: 32134965; PMCID: PMC7058381.

Espasa-Labrador J, Calleja-González J, Montalvo AM, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A. External Load Monitoring in Female Basketball: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet. 2023 Jul 15; 87:173-198. doi: 10.5114/jhk/166881. PMID: 37559766; PMCID: PMC10407319.

Pernigoni M, Ferioli D, Calleja-González J, Sansone P, Tessitore A, Scanlan AT, Conte D. Match-related fatigue in basketball: A systematic review. J Sports Sci. 2024 Sep;42(18):1727-1758. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2409555. Epub 2024 Oct 7. PMID: 39374409.

Paravlic AH, Bakalár P, Puš K, Pišot S, Kalc M, Teraž K, Šlosar L, Peskar M, Marušič U, Šimunič B. The effectiveness of neuromuscular training warm-up program for injury prevention in adolescent male basketball players. J Sports Sci. 2024 Nov;42(22):2083-2092. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2415215. Epub 2024 Nov 15. PMID: 39545620.

Pinelli S, Zinno R, Jòdar-Portas A, Prats-Puig A, Font-Lladó R, Bragonzoni L. Automated Detection of Change of Direction in Basketball Players Using Xsens Motion Tracking. Sensors (Basel). 2025 Feb 5;25(3):942. doi: 10.3390/s25030942. PMID: 39943581; PMCID: PMC11820490.

Zhang X, Li H, Bi S, Luo Y, Cao Y, Zhang G. Auto-Regulation Method vs. Fixed-Loading Method in Maximum Strength Training for Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol. 2021 Mar 12; 12:651112. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651112. PMID: 33776802; PMCID: PMC7994759.

Shalom A, Gottlieb R, Shalom I, Gafni G, Levy A, Calleja-Gonzalez J. A Pilot Study Exploring the Optimization of Warm-Up Strategies: Modern Cognitive Warm-Up with Open-Skill Demands vs. Traditional Closed-Skill Warm-Up in Basketball. Sensors (Basel). 2025 May 23;25(11):3279. doi: 10.3390/s25113279. PMID: 40968858; PMCID: PMC12156952.

Čaprić I, Stanković M, Bojić I, Katanić B, Jelaska I, Pezelj L, Masanovic B, Stefanica V, Govindasamy K. Effects of Different Types of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Physical Performance in Female Basketball Players-A Systematic Review. Life (Basel). 2025 Jul 25;15(8):1180. doi: 10.3390/life15081180. PMID: 40868828; PMCID: PMC12387610.

Cao S, Li Z, Wang Z, Geok SK, Liu J. The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med. 2025 Mar 1;24(1):31-51. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2025.31. PMID: 40046212; PMCID: PMC11877297.

Escribano-Ott I, Calleja-González J, Mielgo-Ayuso J. Ergo-Nutritional Intervention in Basketball: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 2;14(3):638. doi: 10.3390/nu14030638. PMID: 35276997; PMCID: PMC8839588.

Fuster J, Capdevila L, Caparros T. Monitoring the cognitive load in competitive environments in professional women's basketball. Front Psychol. 2025 Apr 23; 16:1523915. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1523915. PMID: 40337718; PMCID: PMC12055858.

Chou CC, Wang FT, Wu HH, Tsai SC, Chen CY, Bernard JR, Kuo YC, Liao YH. "The Competitive Season and Off-Season": Preliminary Research concerning the Sport-Specific Performance, Stress, and Sleep in Elite Male Adolescent Basketball Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 16;18(24):13259. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413259. PMID: 34948866; PMCID: PMC8703559.

Antoranz Y, Sáez de Villarreal E, Del Campo Vecino J, Jiménez-Saiz SL. Sure Steps: Key Strategies for Protecting Basketball Players from Injuries-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 20;13(16):4912. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164912. PMID: 39201056; PMCID: PMC11355145.

Gabbett TJ, Whiteley R. Two Training-Load Paradoxes: Can We Work Harder and Smarter, Can Physical Preparation and Medical Be Teammates? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017 Apr;12(Suppl 2):S250-S254. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0321. Epub 2016 Oct 13. PMID: 27736264.

Gamonales JM, Hernández-Beltrán V, Escudero-Tena A, Ibáñez SJ. Analysis of the External and Internal Load in Professional Basketball Players. Sports (Basel). 2023 Oct 7;11(10):195. doi: 10.3390/sports11100195. PMID: 37888522; PMCID: PMC10610899.

Koyama T, Rikukawa A, Nagano Y, Sasaki S, Ichikawa H, Hirose N. Acceleration Profile of High-Intensity Movements in Basketball Games. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Jun 1;36(6):1715-1719. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003699. Epub 2020 Jul 7. PMID: 32639378.

Towner R, Larson A, Gao Y, Ransdell LB. Longitudinal monitoring of workloads in women's division I (DI) collegiate basketball across four training periods. Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Apr 11; 5:1108965. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1108965. PMID: 37113986; PMCID: PMC10127672.

Calleja-González J, Terrados N, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Delextrat A, Jukic I, Vaquera A, Torres L, Schelling X, Stojanovic M, Ostojic SM. Evidence-based post-exercise recovery strategies in basketball. Phys Sportsmed. 2016;44(1):74-8. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1102033. Epub 2015 Oct 29. PMID: 26512912.

Vinué G. A Basketball Big Data Platform for Box Score and Play-by-Play Data. Big Data. 2025 Aug;13(4):285-303. doi: 10.1089/big.2023.0177. Epub 2024 Apr 12. PMID: 38608235
Publicado
2025-12-05
Cómo citar
Calleja-González, J., & Gómez-Ruano, M. Ángel. (2025). La preparación física en el baloncesto moderno: una perspectiva basada en la evidencia científica. e-Motion: Revista de Educación, Motricidad e Investigación, (25). https://doi.org/10.33776/EUHU/remo.vi25.9352
Sección
Artículos de investigación