Liderazgo transformacional y motivación. Reflexiones conceptuales y fronteras entre constructos
Palabras clave:
liderazgo transformacional, teoría de las metas de logro, teoría de la autodeterminación, psicología positiva
Resumen
El liderazgo transformacional, la teoría de metas de logro (AGT) y la teoría de la autodeterminación (SDT) son tres modelos teóricos que explican el liderazgo y la motivación desde el paradigma de la psicología positiva, la cual aporta una concepción activa (cognitivo-social y organísmica) del ser humano. Tanto la AGT como la SDT tienen en cuenta el contexto como antecedente de los mecanismos que operan en la motivación humana. Por su parte, el liderazgo transformacional concibe los procesos de influencia del líder desde los efectos en la motivación intrínseca de los miembros del grupo. El presente trabajo intenta encontrar dónde están los límites conceptuales entre los aspectos contextuales de las teorías motivacionales (i.e., AGT y SDT) y la teoría de liderazgo transformacional. Adicionalmente, se incide en los aspectos transaccionales activos unidos a los transformacionales en la eficacia de las conductas del líder.
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Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., Molina-García, V., y Balagué, G. (2016). Transformational leadership on the athletic field: An international review. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 25(2), 319–326. https://archives.rpd-online.com/article/view/v25-n2-alvarez-castillo-molina-etal.html
Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., y Falcó, C. (2010). Estilos de liderazgo en la Selección Española de Taekwondo. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 19(2), 219–230. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=235116352005
Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., y Moreno-Pellicer, R. (2019). Transformational parenting style, autonomy support, and their implications for adolescent athletes’ burnout. Psychosocial Intervention, 28(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2019a7
Álvarez, O, Castillo, I., Molina-García, V, y Tomás I. (2019). Transformational leadership, task-involving climate and their implications in male junior soccer players: A multilevel approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 3649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193649
Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
Ames, C., y Ames, R. (1984). Goal structures and motivation. The Elementary School Journal, 85(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1086/461390
Arthur, C. A., Bastardoz, N., y Eklund, R. (2017). Transformational leadership in sport: Current status and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.001
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250310
Bass, B. M., y Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Erlbaum Associates, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095
Beauchamp, M. R., Barling, J., Li, Z., Morton, K. L., Keith, S. E., y Zumbo, B. D. (2010). Development and psychometric properties of the transformational teaching questionnaire. Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 1123–1134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310364175
Beauchamp, M. R., y Morton, K. L. (2011). Transformational teaching and physical activity engagement among adolescents. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 39, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e31822153e7
Campbell, J. P. (1977). Comment on the Cutting Edge. In J. G. Hunt y L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge (pp. 231-234). Illinois University Press.
Castillo, I., y Álvarez, O. (2023). Psicología social de la actividad física, el deporte y el ejercicio. McGraw Hill.
Castillo, I., Álvarez, O., y Balaguer, I. (2005). Temas de investigación sobre aspectos psicosociales del deporte a través de la base de datos PSYCINFO (1887-2001). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 14(1), 109-123. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2351/235119222008.pdf
Castillo, I., Álvarez, O., Estevan, I., Queralt, A., y Molina-García, J. (2017). Passion for teaching, transformational leadership and burnout among physical education teachers. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(3), 57-61. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2351/235152046011.pdf
Castillo, I., Molina-García, J., Estevan, I., Queralt, A., y Álvarez, O. (2020). Transformational teaching in physical education and students’ leisure-time physical activity: the mediating role of learning climate, passion and self-determined motivation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134844
Celsi, I., Raimundi, M. J., Corti, J. F., Castillo, I., y Alvarez, O. (2025) Exploring coach and parent transformational leadership and their asocciations with social identity in adolescents. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102801
Chelladurai, P. (1978). A contingency model of leadership in athletics [Tesis Doctoral no publicada]. University of Waterloo, Canada.
Chelladurai, P (1993). Leadership. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, y L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology (pp. 647-671). Macmillan.
Chelladurai, P. (2001). Managing organizations for sport and physical activity: A systems perspective. Holcomb-Hathaway.
Conger, J. A., y Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12, 637–647. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/258069
Corti, J. F., Raimundi, M. J., Celsi, I., Alvarez, O., y Castillo, I. (2023). The Moderating Effect of Athletes’ Personal Values on the Relationship between Coaches’ Leadership Behaviors and the Personal and Social Skills of Young Basketball Players. Sustainability, 15(5), 4554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054554
De Maria, A., Mallia, L., Tomás, I., Castillo, I., y Zelli, A. (2024). The satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediates the relation between perfectionism and sport performance: a longitudinal cross-national investigation. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22(7), 1776-1794. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2023.2235597
Deci, E. L., y Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
Fabra, P., González-García, L., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., y Balaguer, I. (2023). Motivational antecedents of young players’ intentions to drop out of football during a season. Sustainability, 15(3), 1750. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031750
García-Esteban, L., Marentes-Castillo, M., Castillo, I., y Álvarez, O. (2023). El estilo transformacional del entrenador como facilitador de la identidad social de jóvenes jugadores/as de baloncesto: el papel mediador de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 23(2), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.551961
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., y Platow, M. (2011). El liderazgo como gestión de la identidad social. En F. Molero y F. Morales (Coords.), Liderazgo: hecho y ficción (pp. 77-116). Alianza editorial.
Kao, S. F., y Tsai, C. Y. (2016). Transformational leadership and athlete satisfaction: the mediating role of coaching competency. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(4), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187685
Morton, K. L., Barling, J., Rhodes, R. E., Masse, L. C., Zumbo, B. D., y Beauchamp, M. R. (2010). Extending transformational leadership theory to parenting and adolescent health behaviours: An integrative and theoretical review. Health Psychology Review, 4, 128–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437191003717489
Morton, K. L., Barling, J., Rhodes, R. E., Masse, L. C., Zumbo, B. D., y Beauchamp, M. R. (2011). The application of transformational leadership theory to parenting: Questionnaire development and implications for adolescent self-regulatory efficacy and life satisfaction. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 688–709. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.688
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Harvard University Press.
Pfeffer, J. (1977). The ambiguity of leadership. Academy of Management Review, 2, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/257611
Popper, M., y Mayseless, O. (2003). Back to basics: Applying a parenting perspective to transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00183-2
Roberts, G. C., Treasure, D. C., y Conroy, D. E. (2007). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity: An achievement goal interpretation. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 3–30). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118270011.ch1
Rowold, J. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership in martial arts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(4), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200600944082
Ryan, R. M., y Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Seligman, M. E. P., y Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Stenling, A., y Tafvelin, S. (2014). Transformational leadership and well-being in sports: The mediating role of need satisfaction. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(2), 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.819392
Turnnidge, J., y Côté, J. (2018). Applying transformational leadership theory to coaching research in youth sport: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(3), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1189948
Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., y Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Development and effects of transformational leadership in adolescents. Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00041-2
Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., y Falcó, C. (2010). Estilos de liderazgo en la Selección Española de Taekwondo. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 19(2), 219–230. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=235116352005
Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., y Moreno-Pellicer, R. (2019). Transformational parenting style, autonomy support, and their implications for adolescent athletes’ burnout. Psychosocial Intervention, 28(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2019a7
Álvarez, O, Castillo, I., Molina-García, V, y Tomás I. (2019). Transformational leadership, task-involving climate and their implications in male junior soccer players: A multilevel approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 3649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193649
Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
Ames, C., y Ames, R. (1984). Goal structures and motivation. The Elementary School Journal, 85(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1086/461390
Arthur, C. A., Bastardoz, N., y Eklund, R. (2017). Transformational leadership in sport: Current status and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.001
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250310
Bass, B. M., y Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Erlbaum Associates, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095
Beauchamp, M. R., Barling, J., Li, Z., Morton, K. L., Keith, S. E., y Zumbo, B. D. (2010). Development and psychometric properties of the transformational teaching questionnaire. Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 1123–1134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310364175
Beauchamp, M. R., y Morton, K. L. (2011). Transformational teaching and physical activity engagement among adolescents. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 39, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e31822153e7
Campbell, J. P. (1977). Comment on the Cutting Edge. In J. G. Hunt y L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge (pp. 231-234). Illinois University Press.
Castillo, I., y Álvarez, O. (2023). Psicología social de la actividad física, el deporte y el ejercicio. McGraw Hill.
Castillo, I., Álvarez, O., y Balaguer, I. (2005). Temas de investigación sobre aspectos psicosociales del deporte a través de la base de datos PSYCINFO (1887-2001). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 14(1), 109-123. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2351/235119222008.pdf
Castillo, I., Álvarez, O., Estevan, I., Queralt, A., y Molina-García, J. (2017). Passion for teaching, transformational leadership and burnout among physical education teachers. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 26(3), 57-61. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2351/235152046011.pdf
Castillo, I., Molina-García, J., Estevan, I., Queralt, A., y Álvarez, O. (2020). Transformational teaching in physical education and students’ leisure-time physical activity: the mediating role of learning climate, passion and self-determined motivation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4844. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134844
Celsi, I., Raimundi, M. J., Corti, J. F., Castillo, I., y Alvarez, O. (2025) Exploring coach and parent transformational leadership and their asocciations with social identity in adolescents. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102801
Chelladurai, P. (1978). A contingency model of leadership in athletics [Tesis Doctoral no publicada]. University of Waterloo, Canada.
Chelladurai, P (1993). Leadership. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, y L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology (pp. 647-671). Macmillan.
Chelladurai, P. (2001). Managing organizations for sport and physical activity: A systems perspective. Holcomb-Hathaway.
Conger, J. A., y Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12, 637–647. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/258069
Corti, J. F., Raimundi, M. J., Celsi, I., Alvarez, O., y Castillo, I. (2023). The Moderating Effect of Athletes’ Personal Values on the Relationship between Coaches’ Leadership Behaviors and the Personal and Social Skills of Young Basketball Players. Sustainability, 15(5), 4554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054554
De Maria, A., Mallia, L., Tomás, I., Castillo, I., y Zelli, A. (2024). The satisfaction of basic psychological needs mediates the relation between perfectionism and sport performance: a longitudinal cross-national investigation. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22(7), 1776-1794. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2023.2235597
Deci, E. L., y Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
Fabra, P., González-García, L., Castillo, I., Duda, J. L., y Balaguer, I. (2023). Motivational antecedents of young players’ intentions to drop out of football during a season. Sustainability, 15(3), 1750. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031750
García-Esteban, L., Marentes-Castillo, M., Castillo, I., y Álvarez, O. (2023). El estilo transformacional del entrenador como facilitador de la identidad social de jóvenes jugadores/as de baloncesto: el papel mediador de las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 23(2), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.551961
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., y Platow, M. (2011). El liderazgo como gestión de la identidad social. En F. Molero y F. Morales (Coords.), Liderazgo: hecho y ficción (pp. 77-116). Alianza editorial.
Kao, S. F., y Tsai, C. Y. (2016). Transformational leadership and athlete satisfaction: the mediating role of coaching competency. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(4), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187685
Morton, K. L., Barling, J., Rhodes, R. E., Masse, L. C., Zumbo, B. D., y Beauchamp, M. R. (2010). Extending transformational leadership theory to parenting and adolescent health behaviours: An integrative and theoretical review. Health Psychology Review, 4, 128–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437191003717489
Morton, K. L., Barling, J., Rhodes, R. E., Masse, L. C., Zumbo, B. D., y Beauchamp, M. R. (2011). The application of transformational leadership theory to parenting: Questionnaire development and implications for adolescent self-regulatory efficacy and life satisfaction. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 688–709. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.688
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Harvard University Press.
Pfeffer, J. (1977). The ambiguity of leadership. Academy of Management Review, 2, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/257611
Popper, M., y Mayseless, O. (2003). Back to basics: Applying a parenting perspective to transformational leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00183-2
Roberts, G. C., Treasure, D. C., y Conroy, D. E. (2007). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in sport and physical activity: An achievement goal interpretation. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology (pp. 3–30). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118270011.ch1
Rowold, J. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership in martial arts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(4), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200600944082
Ryan, R. M., y Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Press.
Seligman, M. E. P., y Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
Stenling, A., y Tafvelin, S. (2014). Transformational leadership and well-being in sports: The mediating role of need satisfaction. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(2), 182–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.819392
Turnnidge, J., y Côté, J. (2018). Applying transformational leadership theory to coaching research in youth sport: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(3), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1189948
Zacharatos, A., Barling, J., y Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Development and effects of transformational leadership in adolescents. Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(00)00041-2
Publicado
2025-12-05
Cómo citar
Álvarez, O., Celsi, I., Corti, J. F., Arias-Casasús, L., Torres-Moya, N., & Castillo, I. (2025). Liderazgo transformacional y motivación. Reflexiones conceptuales y fronteras entre constructos. e-Motion: Revista de Educación, Motricidad e Investigación, (25). https://doi.org/10.33776/EUHU/remo.vi25.9356
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Derechos de autor 2025 Octavio Álvarez
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